PRESENT PERFECT
When we use the present perfect there is always a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now:
 Where is your key? I don’t know. I’ve ( I have) lost it.
 He told me his name but I’ve ( I have) forgotten
 Is sally there? No, she’s ( she has) gone.
 I can’t find my bag. Have you seen it?
We often use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a resent happening:
 Ow! I’ve cut my finger
 The road is closed. There’s ( there has) been an accident.
 The police have arrested two men in connection with the crime.
Study the following examples:
Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
He has lost his key ( he lost it and he still doesn’t have it)
INTERROGATIVE AFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
HAVE I(past participle verb)?
HAVE YOU (verb pp)?
I HAVE (verb pp)
YOU HAVE (verb pp)
I HAVEN’T(verb pp)
YOU HAVEN’T(verb pp)
HAS HE/SHE/IT (verb pp)? HE/SHE/IT HAS(verb pp) HE/SHE/IT HASN’T(verb pp)
HAVE YOU (verb pp)?
HAVE WE (verb pp)?
YOU HAVE(verb pp)
WE HAVE(verb pp)
YOU HAVEN’T(verb pp)
WE HAVEN’T(verb pp)
HAVE THEY (verb pp)? THEY HAVE(verb pp) THEY HAVEN’T(verb pp)
* you can use the contractions ‘ve and ‘s for have and has.

EXERCISES:
I.
Complete the following situations ( there can be negative situations ) using the present perfect and one of the verbs, there are more verbs than you need ( in past participle).
Arrive / lose / break / go up / grow / turn on / improve / find / grow up
/shave / turn on/ take off/ spill/ rise
1.
mike is looking for a job. …
2.
Margaret can’t walk and her leg is in plaster…
3.
Maria’s English wasn’t very good, now it’s much better…
4.
jack used to have a beard…
5.
that tree is now much higher than before…
6.
look! There is a lot of coffee on the floor…
7.
the light was off, and now it’s on…
8.
this morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it…
9.
the plane was on the runway a few minutes ago…
10.
last week the bus fare was 80 dimes and now it’s 90…

STLL, ANY MORE,ANY LONGER, NO LONGER JUST, YET and ALREADY
STILL:
We use still to say that a situation or action is continuing. It hasn’t changed or stopped. Still usually goes in the middle of the sentence with the verb
 it’s 10 o’clock and tom is still in bed. He hasn’t waken up
 when I went to bed. Jane was still working. She hasn’t finished working
 do you still want to go to the party or have you changed your mind?
ANY MORE/ANY LONGER/ NO LONGER:
We use not.. any more, any longer to say that a situation has changed, they are used at he end of the sentence while no longer is used in the middle.
 Ann doesn’t work here any more.
 We used to be good friends but we aren’t any longer.
 Ann no longer works here.
 We are no longer friends.
*Note we don’t use no more in this cases.
YET:
We use yet mainly in negative sentences and in questions. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen, it usually goes at the end of the sentence. Yet is usually used with the present perfect.
 It’s 10 o’clock and tom hasn’t got up yet
 I’m hungry it’s the dinner ready yet?
 We don’t know where we’re going for our holidays yet.
JUST:
We use just to indicate that something happened a short time ago. Usually goes in the middle of the sentence.
 Would you like something to eat? No, thanks I’ve just had lunch
 Hello. Have you just arrived?
 Is Susan there? No, She’s just had gone.

ALREADY:
We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected. Already usually goes in the middle of the sentence.
 When is sue going on holiday? She has already gone
 I’ve only just had lunch and I’m already hungry
EXCERCISES:
II.
Rewrite each sentence with a similar meaning using one of the following verbs. There are more verbs than you need.
Decide/ find/begin/ finish/get fix/ go/ stop / take off/come/ get better/ wake up/ apply/ damage
1.
It Is still raining…it hasn’t stopped raining yet.
2.
George is still here…
3.
They’re still having their dinner…
4.
The children are still asleep…
5.
Ann is still looking for a job…
6.
I’m still wondering what to do…
7.
The plane is still waiting on the runway…
8.
He is still unemployed..
9.
My boss is still sick…
10.
The car is still in the garage…

EXCERCISES:
III.
Read the situations and make sentences using just, already or yet.
1.
After lunch you go to see a friend at her house, she offers you something to eat. What do you say?
2.
Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller claims to talk with him.
3.
You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you’ve finished and starts to take your plate away.
4.
You are going to a restaurant this evening with a friend. You phone to book a table. Later your friend calls you and asks if he can call to book the table.
5.
You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she’s been successful.
6.
Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks if Ann is still in the bank.