DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE
Malaria Control in Africa Program
Environmental Assessment
Vector Management Plan
Background
1. The program
The proposed 10-year multi-country Booster Program for Malaria
Control in Africa aims at strengthening existing or new malaria control activities in Africa. The
Program will support existing or enhanced country-specific malaria strategies and institutions
and will not create new structures or vertical programs. It will emphasize the concurrent increase
in coverage with interventions in malaria control and the improvement of underlying health
systems. The program will make better use of local capacity from the public and private sectors
while taking measures to improve that local capacity. Project design and objectives will depend
on the local context in terms of government policy, disease burden and distribution, the nature of
the vector (the mosquito), and local management capacity. Countries may choose to use
Community Driven Development (CDD) approaches, depending on the context. These Malaria
Control Projects will supplement, not disrupt, systemic development programs for the health
sector. Strengthening the health infrastructure will facilitate malaria control and help to sustain
the gains to be achieved under the Booster Program for Malaria Control.
2. The Bank considers malaria control and particularly malaria prevention as a quintessential
multisectoral challenge that will require, among others, widespread interventions through rural
development operations. In urban and semi-urban areas it requires innovation and leadership to
support a variety of existing and new interventions including screening, use of bed nets and
judicious indoor spraying. Environmentally sound approaches to vector (mosquito) control will
require expertise in water management, (sub) urban planning, infrastructure development. CDD
approaches will be crucial for ensuring the relevance and ownership of malaria control, including
new approaches to treatment, at the community level.
3. World Bank safeguard and pest management.
The World Bank’s Pest Management
Safeguard Policy (OP 4.09 and BP 4.01 Annex C) was established to address concerns related to
excessive pesticide use and to assist borrowers to manage pests in an appropriate manner. A
major provision of the Safeguard Policy is the preparation of a comprehensive Pest/Vector
Management Plan, or PMP/VMP, that will outline the various elements of and actions needed to
be taken to adequately address these concerns during project implementation.
4. According to Annex C of BP 4.01, a Vector Management Plan is a "comprehensive plan,
developed when there are significant vector management issues such as:
a) the control of disease vectors, and the weighted risk of the use of hazardous materials (i.e.
pesticides) and technologies (spraying, etc.)
b) conditions favorable to vector proliferation (e.g. still water)?
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c) proposed procurement of relatively hazardous pest control products or methods, or
d) specific environmental or health concerns (e.g., proximity of protected areas or
important aquatic resources; worker safety).
A vector management plan is also required when proposed financing of pest control products
represents a large component of the project."
5. As with the overall EA, the development of the Vector Management Plan is the responsibility
of the borrower. As such, the consultant or agencies drafting the VMP needs to coordinate the
planning and development with relevant Government agencies at national and local level.
Objectives of the Vector Management Plan
6. This Pest/Vector Management Plan is developed as part of the Environmental Assessment
which is presently elaborated for the Malaria Control program. Preliminary assessment, however,
indicated that significant pest management issues may need to be addressed in the
project/program, and a separate and complementary V/PMP is therefore commissioned.
7. In accordance with the policies set out in OP 4.09, Pest Management, the plan is to be
designed to minimize potential adverse impacts on human health and the environment and to
advance ecologically based Integrated Pest and Vector Management. The plan is based on on-site
evaluations of local regulations and conditions conducted by appropriate technical specialists
with experience in participatory IPM/IVM1.
8. In accordance with the overall project objectives the plan should emphasize improvement in
local capacity in public and private sectors.
Contents of the Pest Management Plan
9. In consultation with the project Task Team Leader (TTL) and the Borrower, the Consultant
or Agency will prepare the VMP, and especially address the following 4 major issues, namely:
(a) Pest management approaches, risk and opportunities
(b) Pesticide use and management
(c) Policy, regulatory framework and institutional capacity in design and
implementation and
(d) Monitoring and evaluation
10. Details of these components may be elaborated upon as follows:
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Further guidance can be found in the Bank Pest Management Handbook on
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/EXTPESTMGMT/0,,contentMDK:20376
616~menuPK:586818~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584320,00.html
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a) Pest or vector management approaches
i)
Current and anticipated pest or disease vector problems, relevant to the project;
ii) Current and proposed pest management practices and risks, including local
capacity in private and public sector, their skills and understanding of objectives
and risks of vector control, and the quality of oversight and monitoring. .
iii) Relevant IPM/IVM experience within the project area, country or region;
iv) Assessment of proposed or current pest management approaches, and
recommendations for adjustment, if and where necessary or opportune (in view of
the new technologies or opportunities created by the project).
b) .Pesticide use and management
i) Review of current, proposed and/or envisaged pesticide use.
Compile a list of pesticides in use in the country and the crops or vectors for which
they are used. Classify the (commercial formulations of the) pesticides according to
the WHO classification of pesticides by hazard.
Describe the current pesticide use patterns in the country and assess whether
pesticides are used in the context of IPM/ IVM.
ii) Indication of type and quantity of pesticides envisaged to be financed by the
project and/or assessment of increase in pesticide use resulting from the project.
iii) Circumstances of pesticide use and the capability and competence of end-users to
handle products within acceptable risk margins
iv) Assessment of risks and opportunities
Evaluate the actual potential environmental, occupational and public health risks
associated with the transport, storage, distribution and use of the proposed products
under local circumstances, and the disposal of empty containers.
Assess these risks in the context of skills, knowledge and awareness of the
users/applicators as well as the target population.
Assess whether specific groups of people (or animals) are specifically vulnerable or at
risk due to the technologies and or pesticides proposed.
v) Pre-requisites and/or measures required to reduce specific risks associated with
envisaged pesticide use under the project.
vi) Selection of pesticides authorized for procurement under the project
If required, prepare provisional lists of pesticides which may be procured under the
project taking into consideration (a) the criteria in OP 4.09 on Pest Management, (b)
the above hazards and risks, and (c) the availability of newer and less hazardous
products and techniques (e.g. bio-pesticides, traps)
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c) Policy, regulatory framework and institutional capacity
i) Policies on plant protection and vector management.
Determine whether a national IPM/IVM Policy exists and determine whether and
how it is integrated into sectoral development policy/strategy, whether related to
rural/agriculture, urban development , environmental protection or to public health.
ii) Description and assessment of the national capacity to develop and implement
ecologically-based IVM.
This assessment may include relevant capacities across sectors and include capacities
in public health, in agriculture (especially irrigation and extension), in education as
well as in communication
iii) Assessment of the country's regulatory framework for control of the distribution
and use of pesticides.
This assessment may in particular include relevant capacities in, and collaboration
among, health, environment and agriculture.
iv) Assessment of the institutional capacity for effective control of the distribution and
use of pesticides.
This assessment may include relevant capacities in private as well as public sector,
and in particular in health and agriculture
d) Strengthening of national capacities
If necessary, propose an action plan containing appropriate measures, in project subcomponents, to strengthen the national capacities to improve the regulatory system for
pesticides, and implement ecologically sound management of pests and vectors. This
capacity improvement should cover public as well as private sector.
e) Monitoring and evaluation
i)
Description of activities that require local monitoring during implementation and
during supervision missions.
ii) Monitoring and supervision plan, implementation responsibilities, required
expertise and cost coverage.
Process
11. For the Pest Management Plan to be accepted as part of the project/program, it is essential
that it is fully supported by the Borrower and other national key actors. As such the development
of the VMP is to be a participatory process that includes the views of all stakeholders. It should
show evidence of wide local ownership, required for effective implementation of the plan.
Format of the annex
12. The preferred format of the report includes a
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

An executive summary
Policy, legal and administrative framework and responsible agencies
i) Including implementation capacity of policy and regulatory framework (at national
and local level)
 Base line data including
i) current pesticide use and or other vector control
ii) exposure levels of the human population and (where available record of adverse
events)
iii) baseline data on effectiveness of current tools.
iv) baseline data on structure of oversight.
 Brief project description
i) Proposed project interventions in target country (some may already be ongoing).
ii) Assessment of pest management issues in, or related to, the project and capacity to
address them.
 If significant amounts of pesticides are to be used, a brief pesticide management plan
needs to be added, that includes the proposed procurement process, the safe handling,
shipping, distribution, storage and use, the protection of applicators and others that are at
risk of exposure, as well as management of waste disposal
 Suggested options for managing pest management issues and risks i.e.
i) accepted and rejected technology options,
ii) improvement in risk assessment,
iii) mitigation of identified risks.
 Proposal for monitoring and evaluation of pest management related risks during
implementation and of the proposed mitigation, including the implementation of this
monitoring and the associated costs.
 Cost proposals for the proposed mitigation (preferably in spreadsheet format)
 Consultation process used in the preparation of the VMP, including
i) (open) meetings held,
ii) people consulted,
iii) record of other (consultation) meetings.
 References
It is recommended to keep the report simple and to the point, and no more than 10-15 pages of
text.
Typical profile of consultant:
Agricultural (crop protection, vector borne animal disease control) and/ or public health background.
Academically trained in Medical Entomology or Vector Epidemiology.
Working knowledge and practical experience in environmentally sustainable vector control (such as water
management, IVM, awareness training etc.).
Familiar with common vector control policies and practices (including pro’s and cons of pesticide use) in
public health
Working knowledge and practical experience in evaluating public policy and its implementation, preferably
where related to pest management.
Excellent communication skills and ability to work with groups or in group sessions
Sound evidence of ability to write comprehensive reports in English.
Understanding of the World Bank’s Safeguard requirements and in particular of the safeguards related to
pest management.
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