Trinity Western University
POLS 430 – Seminar in Global Politics
Theme: Religion and Global Politics
3 semester hours
Course Outline
Summer 2015
27 April – 15 May 2015
Instructor: Paul Rowe
Office: RNT 203 (second floor)
Office Hours: Wednesdays 1-4 PM
Office Phone: 604-888-7511, ext.3133
E-mail: Paul.Rowe@twu.ca
Prerequisites: POLS 101, POLS 211
Course Description
The interplay of religion and politics was a major theme of political inquiry throughout
the 1990s, first as a facet of the politics of ethnic awareness, and second as an outflow of
politicized clashes over values and cultures. Religion has had an important part to play
in attempts to respond to and to characterize world order in the age of globalization. The
events of September 11, 2001 only served to intensify public interest and controversy on
the topic. Flashpoints that bring religion into public view continue to make it an
important feature of global politics today.
This course is a survey of major themes in the analysis of global and interreligious
politics. Focusing upon the largest majoritarian religious traditions such as Islam,
Christianity, Hinduism and Judaism, it is meant to provide the student with a broad
background in religion and politics. While the focus is on religion and politics at the
global level, the course will touch on the various roles that religion plays in conflict,
political theory, and domestic politics. The course is divided into two general thematic
sections. The first section deals with the way religion affects the domestic bases of
foreign policy (state behaviour). The second section considers the impact of religion on
the nature of global order (international systems).
Though this is not a course in comparative religion per se, it is important for the student
to become familiar with some of the major religious traditions and their sacred texts.
Student Learning Outcomes
Throughout this course, students will develop:
1) a broad understanding of the politics of comparative religious perspectives in several
contexts in the international and global system.
2) a fulsome understanding of prominent case studies in the interplay of religion and
politics at the global level.
3) an informed ethical perspective on the positive and negative impacts of religious
activism in global politics and the opportunity to join a forum where we apply this
perspective to evaluate the role of religion in global politics.
4) the ability to assess other religious actors through the lens of a Christian worldview
and/or through the lens of Christian spirituality.
5) advanced analytical skills for assessing social movements and organized interests in
global politics as a preparation for graduate study.
Required Texts and Reference
Paul S. Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
John Dyck, Paul Rowe, and Jens Zimmermann, eds.,Politics and the Religious
Imagination, London: Routledge, 2010.
A large number of supplemental texts have been added under each subject heading.
These will be helpful sources for further research, but should not be considered an
exhaustive listing.
Relevant Academic Journals for Religion and Global Politics
Journal of Church and State
Journal of Religion and Popular Culture
Ethics and International Affairs
Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations
Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
Course Requirements
Participation
Critical Review Essay
Seminar Leadership
Research Paper
Final Exam
10%
15%
15%
30%
30%
100%
1) Participation
This course is a seminar-style course. The quality of the course depends upon the
preparation of individual students. Students will thus be assessed based upon their
preparation and the extent to which they contribute to classroom discussions. As a
preparation, students should read all required materials and as much of the supplementary
texts as possible.
2) Critical Review Essay
Students are assigned to read a portion of Politics and the Religious Imagination and to
write a critical review essay in reflection on the key themes in that section. Your critical
reflection should take note of the essays and seek to build a greater understanding of
religion and politics based on them. That is, you don’t want simply to summarize what
they write, but to understand what they may have left out, what the implications of their
arguments are, and what you actually think about these topics. I have provided you with
some questions to get you started.
Write on one of the following three topics:
1) Read chapters 1-3. Consider some of the following questions to guide your thinking:
How do the insights provided by Kearney, Critchley, and/or Zimmermann help us to
understand how to integrate religion and politics? What do they tell us about how
important religious “stories” are to determining our sense of ourselves? What should a
Christian make of their arguments? How do each of their experiences of faith illuminate
the place of religion differently?
2) Read chapters 4-7. Consider some of the following questions to guide your thinking:
What religious stories are most important to the way religion affects US politics? Is the
US a religious or a secular state? How does the nature of religion in the US make it a
unique place? Do Christians have a privileged place in US politics? Is US Christianity
fully “Christian”? What should a Christian response be to the place of faith in US
politics? Why are substate groups (like churches, religious communities, and the like),
rather than the state, so important to the stories told about religion in America? What
kinds of stories do McAndrews, Gutterman, Pieper, and Fine miss that need to be told
about religion and US public life?
3) Read chapters 8-11. Consider some of the following questions to guide your thinking:
What importance does culture play in determining the relationship between religion and
politics? Are different religious “stories” important in determining the way that religion
and politics interact? Does religion operate differently in various parts of the world? Are
there religious differences that cannot easily be bridged? How has the process of
globalization, in which various different stories told by religious movements, affected the
politics of religion worldwide? What traditions have been missed in the stories told by
Bashir, Morello, Ghai, and Rowe? What stories would other religious or cultural groups
tell, and what might it add to the collection?
The review essay should be 1500-2000 words in length.
Due date for critical review essay:
3) Seminar Leadership
Each student will be responsible either alone or in partnership with another student to
lead classroom discussion on a particular topic. The student should prepare an
introduction to the topic for the class that lasts approximately 25-30 minutes. The
introduction should be based on several of the readings provided for the topic under
study. A short handout summarizing the findings should be provided to the class.
Following the presentation, presenter(s) should put together a series of questions relevant
to the topic that will help to guide the classroom discussion for the rest of the class.
Signup for seminar topics will take place during the first class.
4) Research Essay
Students are required to submit a single research essay, approximately 12-14 pages in
length, dealing with a case study in the interaction of religion and transnational politics.
The research essay will be due in the last class of the term. Research essays may be
related to the topic chosen for the presentation or the literature review if the student so
chooses. Some possible examples of essay topics might include:
 Catholicism and the Irish Nationalist Movement
 Muslims in Western Societies: Responsible Citizens and/or Fifth Columns?
 New Evangelicals and American Foreign Policy
 The Relevance of Hindu Nationalism to Indian Foreign Policy
 Revisionist Zionism and Israeli Foreign Policy
 Case Studies in Religion and Peacebuilding
 The Portability or Adaptability of Liberation Theology
 Is Religion Inimical to International Standards of Human Rights?
These are only examples to get you thinking. Please consult the instructor as you go
about choosing your essay topic. Given the significance of this project, students are
urged to begin thinking it through early in the term.
Due date for Research Essay: 18 May 2015
5) The Final Exam will be held on 15 May during class time.
Note Regarding Citation Style (Footnoting)
Students are requested to use the Chicago Manual of Style for citation of references in all
papers, employing the footnote approach (rather than the parenthetical reference
approach). A style guide (in PDF document that requires adobe reader) may be found online at www.lib.uwo.ca/weldon/services/chicagostyle.pdf
Policy Regarding Late Assignments
Late assignments create a significant problem in the fairness of administration of the
course. They also make it difficult to keep up a regular pace of grading. For this reason,
late penalties of 5% per working day will be applied to any assignment that is submitted
after the due date. A hard copy of all work must be submitted. Work that has not been
submitted beyond two weeks will not be accepted. Exceptions will be made for serious
illnesses or life setbacks (with documentation) on a case by case basis.
Topics and Readings
1. GENERAL THEORETICAL OVERVIEW (27 April)
*Monica Duffy Toft, Daniel Philpott, and Timothy Samuel Shah, God’s Century:
resurgent religion and global politics, New York: W.W. Norton, 2011, 20-47.
*Paul S. Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 1
*Dyck, Rowe, and Zimmermann, eds., Politics and the Religious Imagination, chapters
1-2.
Stephen Prothero, God is Not One, New York: HarperOne, 2010.
Monica Duffy Toft, Daniel Philpott, and Timothy Samuel Shah, God’s Century:
resurgent religion and global politics, New York: W.W. Norton, 2011. (rest of
book)
Mark Juergensmeyer, Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State, from
Christian Militias to Al Qaeda, University of California Press, 2008.
Scott Thomas, The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of
International Relations: the struggle for the soul of the twenty-first century, New
York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
William T. Cavanaugh, “‘A Fire Strong Enough to Consume the House’: the Wars of
Religion and the Rise of the State”, Modern Theology 11(4), October 1995, 397420.
Ted G. Jelen and Clyde Wilcox, “Religion: the One, the Few, and the Many”, in Jelen
and Wilcox, eds., Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective, Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 2002, 1-24.
Hent de Vries and Lawrence Sullivan, Political Theologies: Public Religions in a PostSecular World, New York: Fordham University Press, 2006.
Hent de Vries, ed., Religion: beyond a concept, New York: Fordham University Press,
2008.
2. CHRISTIANITY AND US FOREIGN POLICY (28 April)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 3
*Dyck, Rowe, and Zimmermann,eds., Politics and the Religious Imagination, chapters 68.
D. Michael Lindsay, Faith in the Halls of Power, New York: Oxford UP, 2007, 15-71.
Andrew Preston, Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith, New York: Random House, 2012.
Jonathan Chaplin with Robert Joustra, eds., God and Global Order: the power of
religion in American foreign policy, Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2010.
Allen Hertzke, Freeing God’s Children: the Unlikely Alliance for Global Human Rights,
Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
Chris Hedges, American Fascists: the Christian Right and the War on America, New
York: Free Press, 2008.
Vladimir Wozniuk, “The Contemporary Christian Debate over America’s ‘Mission’ in
World Affairs, Journal of Church and State 30(3), Autumn 1988, 493-514.
Stephen V. Monsma and J. Christopher Soper, The Challenge of Pluralism: Church and
State in Five Democracies, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.
Jack Nelson-Pallmeyer, Saving Christianity from Empire, New York: Continuum, 2005.
Wes Avram, ed., Anxious about Empire, Grand Rapids: Brazos Press, 2004.
William Martin, “The Christian Right and American Foreign Policy”, Foreign Policy 114
(Spring 1999), 66-81.
Robert Bellah, “Civil Religion in America”, Daedalus 96 (Winter 1967), 1-21.
Clyde Wilcox and Ted G. Jelen, “Religion and Politics in an Open Market: Religious
Mobilization in the United States”, in Jelen and Wilcox, eds., Religion and Politics
in Comparative Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002, 289-313.
Gary Dorrien, Soul in Society, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995, esp. 91-220.
Kenneth D. Wald, “The Religious Dimension of American Anti-Communism”, Journal
of Church and State 36(3), Summer 1994, 483-506.
3. ROMAN CATHOLICISM, THE STATE, AND LIBERATION THEOLOGY (30
April)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 2
*Dyck, Rowe, and Zimmermann, Politics and the Religious Imagination, chapter 10.
Phillip Berryman, Liberation Theology: Essential Facts About the Revolutionary
Movement in Latin America and Beyond, London: I.B. Tauris, 1987, 9-44.
Paul C. Manuel, Lawrence C. Reardon, and Clyde Wilcox, eds., The Catholic Church
and the Nation-State: comparative perspectives, Washington, DC: Georgetown
University Press, 2006.
Juan Carlos Navarro, “Liberation Theology: Its Implications for Latin American Politics
and American Catholicism”, in Wade Clark Roof, ed., World Order and Religion,
Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991, 99-112.
Phillip Berryman, Liberation Theology (rest of book)
Gustavo Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation, Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1988, esp. 83105.
Clodovis Boff and Leonardo Boff, Introducing Liberation Theology, Maryknoll: Orbis
Books, 1987.
Daniel Levine, Popular Voices in Latin American Catholicism, Princeton: Princeton UP,
1992.
Arthur F. McGovern, Liberation Theology and its Critics, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books,
1989.
Michael Novak, Will it Liberate? Questions about Liberation Theology, New York:
Paulist Press, 1986.
Anthony Gill, “Religion and Democracy in South America: Challenges and
Opportunities”, in Jelen and Wilcox, eds., Religion and Politics in Comparative
Perspective, 195-224.
Naim Stifan Ateek, Justice and Only Justice: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation,
Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1989.
Daniel M. Bell, jr., Liberation Theology after the End of History: the Refusal to Cease
Suffering, London: Routledge, 2001.
4. RELIGION AND POLITICS IN SOUTH ASIA (1 May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapters 6 and 7
*Dyck, Rowe, and Zimmermann, eds., Politics and the Religious Imagination, chapter
11.
Sreeram S. Chaulia, “BJP, India’s Foreign Policy, and the ‘Realist Alternative’ to the
Nehruvian Tradition”, International Politics 39, June 2002, 215-234.
Martha Nussbaum, The Clash Within: democracy, religious violence, and India’s future,
Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2007.
Christophe Jaffrelot, ed., The Sangh Parivar: a Reader, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005.
Douglas Johnston, ed., Faith-based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik, Oxford: Oxford
UP, 2003, 33-75.
C. Ram-Prasad, “Hindu Nationalism and the International Relations of India”, in K.R.
Dark, eds., Religion and International Relations, New York: St. Martin’s Press,
2000, 140-197.
Gyanendra Pandey, The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India, New
Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.
Van Der Veer, Peter, Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India, esp. 1-24.
Van Der Veer, Peter, “Hindu Nationalism and the Discourse of Modernity: the Vishva
Hindu Parishad”, in M. Marty and S. Appleby, eds., Accounting for
Fundamentalisms, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994, 653-668.
T.N. Madan, Modern Myths, Locked Minds, Delhi: Oxford UP, 1998.
5. JUDAISM AND POLITICS: ZIONISM AND ISRAELI FOREIGN POLICY (4
May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 4
Moshe Amon, “Can Israel Survive the West Bank Settlements?”, Terrorism and Political
Violence 16(1) (Spring 2004), 48-65.
Gadi Taub, The Settlers, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.
Douglas Johnston, ed., Faith-based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik, Oxford: Oxford
UP, 2003, 91-123.
Kenneth D. Wald, “The Religious Dimension of Israeli Political Life”, in Jelen and
Wilcox, eds., Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective, 99-124.
Rosemary Radford Ruether and Herman J. Ruether, The Wrath of Jonah, New York:
Harper and Row, 1989.
Gershom Gorenburg, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements,
1967-1977, New York: Times Books, 2006.
Rafael Reuveny, “Fundamentalist Colonialism: the Geopolitics of Israeli-Palestinian
Conflict”, Political Geography 22 (2003), 347-380.
Gershon Shafir, “Zionism and Colonialism: A Comparative Approach”, in Michael N.
Barnett, eds., Israel in Comparative Perspective, Albany: SUNY Press, 1996.
Sasson Sofer , Zionism and the Foundations of Israeli Diplomacy, trans. Dorothea
Shefet-Vanson, Cambridge: Cambridge UP 1998, 357-389.
David J. Goldberg, To the Promised Land, London: Penguin Books, 1996.
Ian Lustick, For the Lord and the Land: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, New York,
NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988.
Ehud Sprintzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right, New York: Oxford UP, 1991.
Marc Ellis, “After Arafat: Mapping a Jewish/Palestinian Solidarity”, Journal of Church
and State 47(1), Winter 2005, 5-19.
6. ISLAMISM: THE ROOTS OF “ISLAMIC POLITICS” (5 May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 5
Peter Mandaville, Global Political Islam, London: Routledge, 2007, 49-95.
Nazih Ayubi, Political Islam, London: Routledge, 1991, 120-157.
John J. Donohue and John L. Esposito, eds., Islam in Transition, Oxford: Oxford UP,
2007, 7-37.
Jillian Schwedler, Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen.
Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2006.
Noah Feldman, The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State, Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2008.
Salwa Ismail, Rethinking Islamist Politics: Culture, the State and Islamism, New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
Douglas Johnston, ed., Faith-based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik, Oxford: Oxford
UP, 2003, 178-227.
John L. Esposito, Islam and Politics, Third Edition, esp. 3-59.
Yahya Sadowski, “The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate”, Middle East
Report 23(4), July-August 1993, 14-21, 40.
Olivier Roy, The Failure of Political Islam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1994, esp. 124.
Saad Eddin Ibrahim, “Anatomy of Egypt’s Militant Islamic Groups: Methodological
Note and Preliminary Findings”, International Journal of Middle East Studies,
12(4), 1980, 423-453.
Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori, Muslim Politics, Princeton: Princeton UP, 3-135.
SECTION B: RELIGION AND GLOBAL ORDER
7. RELIGION, DEMOCRACY, AND HUMAN RIGHTS (7 May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 8
*Dyck, Rowe, and Zimmermann, eds., Politics and the Religious Imagination, chapter 5
Natan Lerner, Religion, Beliefs, and International Human Rights, Maryknoll: Orbis
Books, 2000, 9-39.
Ran Hirschl, Constitutional Theocracy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
2010.
Vali Nasr, “The Rise of ‘Muslim Democracy’”, Journal of Democracy, 16, no.2 (April
2005), 13-27.
Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, and Daniel Brumberg, eds., World Religions and
Democracy, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2005.
Thomas Banchoff, ed., Democracy and the New Religious Pluralism, Oxford: Oxford
UP, 2007
Natan Lerner, Religion, Beliefs, and International Human Rights (rest of book)
Allen Hertzke, Freeing God’s Children, 41-72.
Paul Marshall, Their Blood Cries Out, Dallas, TX: Word, 1997.
Abdullahi An-Naim, “Religious Minorities under Islamic Law and the Limits of Cultural
Relativism”, Human Rights Quarterly 9, February 1987, 1-18.
Bernard Lewis, “Islam and Liberal Democracy: A Historical Overview”, Journal of
Democracy 7(2), April 1996, 52-63.
Johan D. Van Der Vyver, “Religious Fundamentalism and Human Rights”, Journal of
International Affairs (Columbia), 50(1) Summer 1996, 21-40.
John Witte, jr., “Introduction”, in John Witte, jr., ed., Christianity and Democracy in
Global Context, Boulder: Westview Press, 1993, 1-14.
Donohue and Esposito, Islam in Transition, 261-330.
8. RELIGION AND VIOLENCE (8 May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 9
Adam L. Silverman, “Just War, Jihad, and Terrorism”, Journal of Church and State
44(1), Winter 2002, 73-92.
Douglas Johnston, ed., Faith-based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik, Oxford: Oxford
UP, 2003, 124-177.
Daniel M. Bell, jr., Just War as Christian Discipleship, Grand Rapids: Brazos Press,
2009.
Jean Bethke Elshtain, ed., Just War Theory, New York: New York University Press,
1992
John Kelsay and James Turner Johnson, eds., Just War and Jihad, Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1991.
Leo Tolstoy, Tolstoy’s Writings on Civil Disobedience and Non-Violence, New York:
New American Library, 1968.
Klaus K. Klostermeier, “Himsa and Ahimsa Traditions in Hinduism”, Stephen Hay,
“Gandhi’s Non-Violence: Metaphysical, Political, and International Aspects”, in
Harvey L. Dyck, ed., The Pacifist Impulse in Historical Perspective, Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1996, 227-239, 279-295.
James Turner Johnson, The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions, University
Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1997, esp. 129-168.
John Howard Yoder, When War is Unjust, revised edition, Maryknoll: Orbis Books,
1996.
Michael Walzer, “War and Peace in the Jewish Tradition”, in Terry Nardin, ed., The
Ethics of War and Peace, Princeton: Princeton UP, 1996, 95-114.
Donohue and Esposito, Islam in Transition, 393-472.
9. RELIGION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION (11 May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 10
David Little, ed., Peacemakers in Action: profiles of religion in conflict resolution,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, 53-96, 247-277.
Douglas Johnston, ed., Faith-based Diplomacy: Trumping Realpolitik, Oxford: Oxford
UP, 2003, 231-258.
Harold Coward and Gordon S. Smith, eds., Religion and Peacebuilding, Albany: State
University of New York Press, 2004.
Mohammed Abu-Nimer, “Conflict Resolution, Culture, and Religion: Toward a Training
Model of Interreligious Peacebuilding”, Journal of Peace Research 38(6), 2001,
685-704.
Thomas Weber, “Gandhian Philosophy, Conflict Resolution Theory and Practical
Approaches to Negotiation”, Journal of Peace Research 38(4), 2001, 493-513.
Cynthia Sampson, “‘To Make Real the Bond Between Us All’: Quaker Conciliation
During the Nigerian Civil War”, in Douglas Johnston and Cynthia Sampson, eds.,
Religion: the Missing Dimension of Statecraft, Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994, 88-118.
Cynthia Sampson, “Religion and Peacebuilding”, in I. William Zartman and J. Lewis
Rasmussen, eds., Peacemaking in International Conflict, Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Institute of Peace Press, 1997, 273-318.
Robert Johansen, “Radical Islam and Nonviolence: A Case Study of Religious
Empowerment and Constraint among Pashtuns”, Journal of Peace Research 34(1),
1997, 53-71.
Thomas Princen, Intermediaries in International Conflict, Princeton: Princeton UP,
1992, 133-185.
C.H. Yarrow, Quaker Experiences in International Conciliation, New Haven: Yale UP,
1987.
Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam: Theory and Practice,
Gainsville: University of Florida Press, 2003.
David R. Smock, Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding, Washington, D.C.: US Institute
of Peace Press, 2002.
10. RELIGION AND THE DEVELOPING WORLD (12 May)
*Rowe, Religion and Global Politics, Chapter 11
Katherine Marshall and Marisa Van Saanen, Development and Faith, Washington, DC:
The World Bank, 2007, 1-32.Farok Afshar, “Exploring the Frontiers of
International Development: Countries of the North, Well-Being, Spirituality, and
Contemplation”, Canadian Journal of Development Studies 26, no.3 (2005), 527546.
Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: the Coming of Global Christianity, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002.
Philip Jenkins, The New Faces of Christianity: believing the Bible in the Global South,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Jeffrey Haynes, Religion and Development: Conflict or Cooperation? New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Jeffrey Haynes, ed., Religion and Third World Politics, Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1994.
11. TRANSNATIONAL RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION (14 May)
*Dyck, Rowe, and Zimmermann, Politics and the Religious Imagination, chapter 12-13.
*Paul S. Rowe, “Can We Co-exist? Religion, Civil Society, and Global Order”, Mojtaba
Mahdavi and W. Andy Knight, eds., Towards the Dignity of Difference: neither
‘end of history’ nor ‘clash of civilizations’, London: Ashgate, 2012, 167-182.
Peter Beyer, Religions in Global Society, London: Routledge, 2006, 62-115.
Mark Juergensmeyer, Religion in Global Civil Society, Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005.
Susanne Hoeber Rudolph and James Piscatori, eds., Transnational Religion and Fading
States, Boulder: Westview Press, 1997.
Jeff Haynes, “Transnational Religious Actors and International Politics”, Third World
Quarterly 22(2), April 2001, 143-158.
Kevin Warr, “The Normative Promise of Religious Organizations in Global Civil
Society”, Journal of Church and State 41(3), Summer 1999, 499-523.
Jose Cassanova, “Globalizing Catholicism and the Return to a ‘Universal’ Church”, in
Rudolph and Piscatori, eds., Transnational Religion and Fading States, 121-143.
Paul S. Rowe, “Four Guys and a Fax Machine? Diasporas, New Information
Technologies, and the Internationalization of Religion in Egypt”, Journal of Church
and State, Winter 2001, 81-92.
Peter Beyer, Religion and Globalization, London: Sage, 1994, esp. 97-110.
Dale Eickelman and Jon Anderson, New Media in the Muslim World: the Emerging
Public Sphere, second edition, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2003.
James Piscatori, ‘Religious Transnationalism and Global Order, with Particular
Consideration of Islam”, in John L. Esposito and Michael Watson, eds., Religion
and Global Order, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000.