Guided Lecture Notes, Chapter 23

List the objectives of the chapter. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 4-6)

List the key terms and acronyms of the chapter. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 7-9)
Learning Objective #1. Describe the principal functions of the blood and its
mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.

Describe the components of the hematologic system and lymphatic systems.
(Refer to PowerPoint slides 10-11)

Review the functions of the hematologic system and the lymphatic system. (Refer
to PowerPoint slides 12-13)

Discuss the various functions of blood. Explain why blood is considered a
connective tissue and how it differs from other connective tissues. (Refer to
PowerPoint slides 14-17)

Explain the mechanism of hematopoesis. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 18)
Learning Objective #2. Identify the four plasma proteins and their chief functions.

Explain the composition and functions of plasma. (Refer to PowerPoint slides
20-23)

Name the four plasma proteins. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 24)

Discuss the functions of albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, and globulin. (Refer to
PowerPoint slides 25-27)
Learning Objective #3. Outline the structure and function of the red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets.

Define red blood cells and explain how they are produced. In addition, discuss the
composition of hemoglobin and the function of iron in hemoglobin. (Refer to
PowerPoint slide 32)

Discuss the functions of white blood cells. In addition, differentiate between red
blood cells and white blood cells. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 35, 31)

Define platelets and explain why they are essential. (Refer to PowerPoint slide
47)
Learning Objective #4. Discuss the importance of chemotaxis and phagocytosis in
fighting invading organisms.

Define chemotaxis and phagocytosis. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 41)

Identify the white blood cells involved in chemotaxis and in phagocytosis. (Refer
to PowerPoint slide 41)

State the importance of chemotaxis and phagocytosis in fighting invading
organisms. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 41-42)
Learning Objective #5. Describe the mechanism of blood clotting.

State the importance of clotting and discuss the process of formation of a clot.
(Refer to PowerPoint slide 49)

Explain why vitamin K is required for clotting. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 51)

Discuss the factors behind the inability to clot. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 5051)
Learning Objective #6. Identify the four blood groups and the Rh factors.

State the four blood groups. In addition, discuss the ill effects of a blood
transfusion involving incompatible blood. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 56-57)

State the difference between Rh-positive and Rh-negative blood types. Also,
discuss what happens if an Rh-negative person is given Rh-positive blood. (Refer
to PowerPoint slide 57)
Learning Objective #7. Describe the blood groups that are considered the universal
donor and the universal recipient and state why this is so.

Define agglutination. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 57)

Discuss why blood group AB is known as a universal recipient and blood group O
known as universal donor.
Learning Objective #8. Describe lymphatic circulation and the filtration role of the
lymph nodes.

Define lymphatic vessels, lymph, lacteals, lymph nodes, and lymph nodules. Also
discuss the difference in composition of lymph and plasma. (Refer to PowerPoint
slides 59-61, 63-64)

Discuss the process of lymphatic circulation. (Refer to PowerPoint slides 84-85)
Learning Objective #9. Describe the circle of Willis and the blood–brain barrier,
including the function of each.

Explain what blood circulation is. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 75)

Describe cerebral circulation. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 79)

Discuss the functions of the circle of Willis and the blood–brain barrier. (Refer to
PowerPoint slides 79-80)
Learning Objective #10. Explain the process of hepatic–portal circulation.

Review systemic circulation. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 77)

Describe the path of blood flow from the digestive organs and spleen before
returning to the heart. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 77)
Learning Objective #11. Discuss at least three normal changes in the hematologic and
lymphatic systems caused by aging.

Discuss the effects of aging on the hematologic and lymphatic systems including
a decline in hematopoesis, slight decrease in platelets, altered antigen-antibody
responses, and decrease in albumin. (Refer to PowerPoint slide 87)