Vocabulary - Ch. 5 The Molecules of Life
1.organic molecule
2.inorganic molecule
3.hydrocarbon
4.functional group
5.hydrophilic
6.monomer
7.polymer
8.carbohydrate
9.monosaccharide
10.disaccharide
11.polysaccharide
12.starch
13.glycogen
14.cellulose
15.lipid
16.hydrophobic
17.fat
18.saturated fat
19.unsaturated fat
20.steroid
21.cholesterol
22.protein
23.amino acid
24.polypeptide
25.denaturation
26.activation energy
27.catalyst
28.enzyme
29.substrate
30.active site
Vocabulary - Ch. 5 The Molecules of Life
1. organic molecule- carbon-based molecule (Concept 5.1)
2. inorganic molecule- non-carbon-based molecule (Concept 5.1)
3. hydrocarbon- organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms (Concept 5.1)
4. functional group- group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other
molecules (Concept 5.1)
5. hydrophilic- attracts water molecules (Concept 5.1)
6. monomer- small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule (Concept 5.1)
7. polymer- long chain of small molecular units (monomers) (Concept 5.1)
8. carbohydrate- organic compound made of sugar molecules (Concept 5.2)
9. monosaccharide- sugar containing one sugar unit (Concept 5.2)
10. disaccharide- sugar containing two monosaccharides (Concept 5.2)
11. polysaccharide- long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers (Concept 5.2)
12. starch- polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers (Concept 5.2)
13. glycogen- polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers (Concept 5.2)
14. cellulose- polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls
(Concept 5.2)
15. lipid- one of a class of water-avoiding compounds (Concept 5.3)
16. hydrophobic- avoids water molecules (Concept 5.3)
17. fat- organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids
(Concept 5.3)
18. saturated fat- fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of
hydrogen atoms (Concept 5.3)
19. unsaturated fat- fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid
chains (Concept 5.3)
20. steroid- lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings (Concept 5.3)
21. cholesterol- steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells (Concept 5.3)
22. protein- polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers (Concept 5.4)
23. amino acid- monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups
(Concept 5.4)
24. polypeptide- chain of linked amino acids (Concept 5.4)
25. denaturation- loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor (Concept 5.4)
26. activation energy- minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction (Concept 5.5)
27. catalyst- agent that speeds up chemical reactions (Concept 5.5)
28. enzyme- specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell (Concept 5.5)
29. substrate- specific reactant acted on by an enzyme (Concept 5.5)
30. active site- region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits (Concept 5.5)