Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Study Guide (Chapters 18 & 20)
True/False
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4.
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Ancient philosophers regularly performed controlled experiments.
Both Democritus and Dalton suggested that matter is made up of atoms.
Dalton’s atomic theory stated that atoms separate, combine, or rearrange in chemical reactions.
Dalton was correct in thinking that atoms could not be divided into smaller particles.
Dalton’s atomic theory stated that atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number
ratios to form compounds.
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6. Dalton thought that all atoms of a specific element have the same mass.
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7. There are no instruments powerful enough to magnify atoms so that they can be seen.
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8. The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is called an atom.
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9. The number of neutrons in an atom is referred to as its atomic number.
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10. The modern periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number.
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11. Atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in an atom.
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12. The number of protons in an atom identifies it as an atom of a particular element.
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13. Most atoms have either a positive or a negative charge.
Short Answer
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14. Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of ____ it can hold.
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15. Dot diagrams are used to represent ____.
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16. Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are ____.
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17. A chemical symbol represents the ____ of an element.
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18. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called ____.
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19. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called ____.
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20. A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ____.
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21. Elements that are gases, are brittle, and are poor conductors at room temperature are ____.
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22. A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is ____.
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23. At room temperature, most metals are ____.
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24. The process by which solid iodine particles change directly to gas without first becoming a liquid
is called
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25. Elements that form salts by combining with metals are ____.
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26. Substances that conduct an electric current only under certain conditions are most likely to
be ____.
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27. Different forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom
arrangements are called ____.
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28. An allotrope of carbon that is soft and can be used as a lubricant is ____.
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29. An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is ____.
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30. Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals because it ____.
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31. A chemical family whose members exist as reactive diatomic molecules in the gaseous phase is
the ____.
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32. The elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are the ____.
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33. A family of elements that has two electrons in its outer energy level is the ____.
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34. Metals can be used as wire because they are ____.
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35. Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is normally a ____.
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36. The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is ____.
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37. A synthetic element that is used in smoke detectors is ____.
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38. All synthetic elements are ____.
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39. Cobalt, iron, and nickel are known as the ____ triad.
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40. Three transition elements in Group 12 of the periodic table are ____.
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41. Any element with an atomic number greater than that of uranium is a(n) ____.
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42. The noble gases are in ____.
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43. Elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic table are ____.
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44. The appearance of solid metals can be described as ____.
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45. A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the ____.
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46. Radioactive elements comprise a majority of the ____.
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47. Mendeleev created the first periodic table by arranging elements in order of
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48. How did chemists change Mendeleev’s periodic table in the early 1900s?
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From an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict _____
Which of these statements about a column of the periodic table is true?
Most metals are NOT
In the periodic table, the most reactive metals are found ____.
Which group contains the most elements?
At room temperature, more than half of the nonmetal elements are
In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of
The elements in a row of the periodic table
The elements in a column of the periodic table
Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?
The elements that do not ordinarily form compounds are
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a family called
Who was the man who lived from 460B.C.–370B.C. and was among the first to suggest the idea
of atoms?
Dalton hypothesized that atoms are indivisible and that all atoms of an element are identical. It is
now known that ____.
What does the number 84 in the name krypton-84 represent?
Isotopes of the same element have different ____.
Isotopes of the same element have different ____.
____ 66. Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in O.
____ 67. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number
125?
____ 68. Which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus?
____ 69. How many electrons does an atom generally need in its outer level to be the most stable?
____ 70. A(n) _____ is an atom, or bonded group of atoms, that has a positive or negative charge.
Be able to:
Match scientists with contributions to atomic theory (See History of Atomic Theory PP/notes)
Draw Bohr Models and Lewis dot diagrams for elements 1-20.
Calculate average atomic mass when given the relative abundance and the mass number of different isotopes of
en element. See (Isototopes and average atomic mass worksheet/Isotopes of “Pennium” Lab)