Chapter 3 Study Guide Microbiology (Bauman 2007)
Objectives
As you work through the activities and practice quizzes for this chapter, keep the
following learning objectives in mind. Once you have mastered this chapter, you should
be able to:
* Describe the major processes of life and their presence in prokaryotes, eukaryotes
and viruses.
* Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
 Describe the cell shapes and arrangements of bacteria, with examples as discussed
in lecture.
* Describe the composition, function, and relevance to human health of glycocalyces.
* Distinguish between capsules and slime layers.
* Discuss the structure and function of prokaryotic flagella.
* List and describe four prokaryotic flagellar arrangements.
* Compare and contrast the structures and functions of fimbriae, pili, and flagella.
* Compare and contrast the cell walls of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
prokaryotes in terms of structure and Gram staining.
* Describe the clinical implications of the structure of the Gram-negative cell wall.
* Compare and contrast the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria with typical Gram-positive
cell walls.
* Contrast types of archaeal cell walls with one another and with bacterial cell walls.
* Diagram a phospholipid bilayer and explain its significance in reference to a
cytoplasmic membrane.
* Explain the "fluid mosaic" model of membrane structure.
* Describe the functions of the cytoplasmic membrane as they relate to permeability.
* Compare and contrast the passive and active processes by which materials cross the
membrane.
* Define osmosis and distinguish among isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.
* Describe prokaryotic cytoplasm and its basic contents.
* Define inclusion and give two examples.
* Describe the formation and function of bacterial endospores.
* Describe the structure and function of ribosomes and the cytoskeleton.
* Describe the composition, function, and importance of eukaryotic glycocalyces.
* Compare and contrast prokaryotic cell walls and cytoplasmic membranes.
* Contrast exocytosis and endocytosis.
* Describe the role of pseudopodia in eukaryotic cells.
* Compare and contrast the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
* Identify non-membranous and membranous organelles.
* Compare and contrast the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
flagella.
* Describe the structure and function of cilia.
* Compare and contrast eukaryotic cilia and flagella.
* Describe the structure and function of ribosomes, cytoskeletons, and centrioles.
* Compare and contrast the ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
* List and describe the three filaments of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton.
* Discuss the function of each of the following membranous organelles: nucleus, ER,
Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome, vesicle, vacuole, mitochondrion, and chloroplast.
* Label the structures associated with each of the membranous organelles.
* Describe the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and
eukaryotic cells.
Vocabulary
Characteristics of life
Growth
Reproduction
Responsiveness
Metabolism
Cellular structure
Prokaryotes
eukaryotes
cocci
diplococci
streptococci
tetrad
staphylococci
Neisseria gonorrhea
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Rods (bacilli)
Escherichia coli
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Spiral
Vibrio
Spirochete
Axial filament
Vibrio cholerae
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Glycocalyces
Capsule
Slime layer
Flagella
Monotrichous
Peritrichous
Serotype E. coli O157:H7
Chemotaxes
Phototaxes
Motility
Fimbrae
Pili
Bacterial cell wall
Gram positive wall
Gram negative wall
Peptidoglycan
NAM
NAG
Teichoic acid
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
endotoxin
O-polysaccharide
Lipid A
Periplasm
Archae
Cytoplasmic membrane
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Isotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Hypotonic solution
Lysozyme
Penicillin
protoplast
lysozyme
spheroplast
Active Transport
Group Translocation
Nucleod
Chromosome
Plasmid
Ribosomes
70s vs. 80s
Inclusions
Reserve deposits
Volutin: Corynebacterium diphtheria
Sulfur granules: Thiobacillus
Carboxysomes: Cyanobacteria
Endospores
Sporulatin
Germination
Bacillus
Clostridium