Economist Professional/ Specialist Skills Framework Effective from April 2007 Page 1 of 21 ECONOMISTS PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE FRAMEWORK The Profession Competence Framework for the Government Economics Service (GES) is based around: entry requirements; continuous professional development (CPD) requirements; with an economics ‘core’ PSG Core Skills; and professional expertise. Further details on the above items are given below. Page 2 of 21 Overview of GES Professional Entry and CPD Standards Entry via: Entry requirement: qualification Entry requirement: applied economics Entry requirement: PSG core skills N/A N/A 50 hours a year: identify and fill gaps in the GES core of economics N/A N/A 50 hours a year: identify and fill gaps in the GES core of economics Temporary Provisional Assistant Economist Central recruitment 2:1 Economics OR OR (51 week contract) Departmental MSc recruitment Economics (if 1st degree 2:2, or other subject) Economics 2:1 Fast Stream Economics former DCA Span 5 Assistant Economist Faststreamer CPD: Economics CPD: Other (50 hours) including career grouping expertise relevant to current post (see below) Not specified by GES Fast Stream Development OR MSc Economics (if 1st degree 2:2, or other subject) Page 3 of 21 Economic Adviser Central recruitment 2:1 Economics Former DCA Spans 8 or 9 OR OR Departmental MSc recruitment Economics (if 1st degree 2:2, or other subject) Substantial proven competence in applied economics as a professional economist People Management Financial Management Project & Programme Management 50 hours a year: identify and fill gaps in the GES core of economics plus acquire or maintain the equivalent of a post-graduate level of competence in an economic specialism determined by the relevant government department Analysis & Use of Evidence Awareness of the Professional Expertise for Operational Delivery Staff at G7 OR the Professional Expertise for Policy Delivery Staff at G7 OR the relevant Corporate Services framework SCS Economist Departmental 2:1 recruitment Economics OR MSc Economics (if 1st degree 2:2, or other subject) Very substantial proven competence in applied economics as a professional economist People Management Financial Management Project & Programme Management 50 hours a year: identify and fill gaps in the GES core of economics plus maintain the equivalent of a postgraduate level of competence in an economic specialism determined by the relevant government department Professional Expertise for Operational Delivery Staff at SCS PB1 OR Professional Expertise for Policy Delivery Staff at SCS PB1 OR the relevant Corporate Services framework Analysis & Use of Evidence Strategic Thinking Communications & Marketing Page 4 of 21 Summary of GES Recruitment and CPD standards Recruitment standards All members, for entry, must have a 2.1 honours bachelors degree (or international equivalent) with at least 50 per cent of economics in the two final years (or equivalent); or a Post Graduate Diploma (or equivalent) or a Masters degree in economics, including a substantial amount of taught macro and microeconomics. Temporary Assistant Economic Assistant candidates recruited by the central GES team will have had achieved a just failed on the GES Economic Assessment Centre, and so will not have been allowed to progress to the Faststream Assessment Centre. There is no central GES guidance for departmental recruiting of Temporary Provisional Assistant Economists. The Economics and Statistics Division, when recruiting directly for Temporary Assistant Economic Assistants has required successful candidates to meet former DCA Competencies 1 through 5 at Level One (which appear to be at a lower level than the equivalent Faststream Competences), and Specialist Skills (former DCA Competence 7) at the same level as the GES Assistant Economist Recruitment Standards for Economics. These posts are considered developmental, and are only offered for 51 weeks. For a permanent post as an Economic Assistant, Temporary Provisional Assistant Economists must successfully meet the same competencies as Economic Assistants. Note: The GES recruitment standards in Economics for Temporary Provisional Assistant Economists are lower than the standards that have been applied by the Economics and Statistics Division at the former DCA. However, all Temporary Provisional Assistant Economists that have been recruited directly by the former DCA have gone on to successfully sit the Economics Faststream, whereas this has not been the case for Temporary Provisional Assistant Economists at the former DCA who have come to us via central GES recruitment. Economic Assistant candidates must meet the competences set out for the GES Economic Assessment Centre and the Fast Stream Assessment Centre. Economic Adviser candidates must demonstrate substantial proven competence in applied economics as a professional economist. They must show that they have engaged in effective CPD to maintain their competence in the GES Core Economics Knowledge, that they have the GES Core Economics Skills, and that they are capable of a post- graduate level of competence in applied economics. They must also demonstrate that they are capable of meeting the PSG Grade 7 core skills requirements. SCS economist candidates must demonstrate very substantial proven competence in applied economics as a professional economist. They must show that: they have engaged in effective CPD to maintain their competence in the GES Core Economics Knowledge; they can demonstrate the equivalent of a post-graduate level of competence1 in applied economics; they have the GES Core Economics Skills; they meet the GES SCS economics competences. They must also meet the PSG SCS core skills requirements, and provide evidence of experience in more than one of the three areas of government activity (corporate services delivery, operational delivery and policy delivery). CPD standards Every member of the GES is expected to maintain the GES Economics Core Knowledge and Skills. At any point in time, everyone will have gaps in their knowledge and so this core is used to guide continuous professional development. To maintain these competences the GES guideline for CPD is 100 hours overall with at least 50 hours on economics. Note that ‘equivalent’ may be through experience or through completing appropriate GES Approved programmes (e.g. GES Advanced/Specialist ‘M-Level’). DfID requires a Masters qualification for entry, but there is no general GES requirement for a formal post-graduate award. 1 Page 5 of 21 Economic Advisers and above are also expected to gain or maintain the equivalent of a postgraduate level of competence in an economics specialism determined by the relevant government department(s). It is good practice for departments to publish and maintain an appropriate syllabus. Advisors will be expected to continue to develop the PSG core skills (G7), addressing any development needs, and to develop an awareness of the professional framework relating to the area of government activity where their post is located. The Professional Expertise for Policy Delivery Staff G7 framework and the Professional Expertise for Operational Delivery Staff G7 framework can be found further below. The skills highlighted by shading are of particular importance. If the post is in Corporate Services delivery, the adviser should refer to the relevant professional framework. SCS economists are expected to maintain 50 hours economics CPD a year, and to continue to develop the PSG SCS core skills. They are also expected to acquire all the skills in the professional framework relevant to the area of government activity where their post is located. The Professional Expertise for Policy Delivery Staff SCS framework and the Professional Expertise for Operational Delivery Staff SCS framework can be found on pages 11 and 13 respectively. If the post is in Corporate Services delivery, the adviser should refer to the relevant professional framework. Due to GES requirements, some SCS economists may take longer than their policy colleagues to acquire the full set of skills. Page 6 of 21 The GES Economics Core This core was developed from the QAA Subject Benchmarks for Economics to form the GES threshold of competence in economics2. Core Economics: Knowledge This is listed in, and maintained by, the GES Core Economics ‘Update and Refresher’ syllabuses (H-Level): http://members.ges.gov.uk/resources/207516/refresher_syllabus.pdf (accessible only by GES members) There are five core areas: Macroeconomics Microeconomics EU and International Economics Econometrics and Data Effective Communication for Economists Core Economics: Skills GES members need to demonstrate that they: keep abreast of developments in economic theory & practice and can briefly describe different methodological approaches identify opportunities for economic analysis to make a contribution to policy development and appraisal can select and apply appropriate economic concepts, use model-based argument and other standard techniques to address issues and problems. apply economics to offer workable solutions, taking into account opportunity cost and impact assessment; incentives; the specific context of policy advice, diversity and distributional implications. assess the reliability and relevance of evidence and give objective evidence-based advice are able to synthesise technical papers communicate complex technical ideas and arguments in ways which non-economists can readily understand Guidelines on using Government Economic Service Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Summary Records The GES recommended guidelines relating to the use of GES CPD records are: For GES Trawl posts, a GES member’s signed GES CPD Summary Record should be included as part of the documentation to be submitted. From June 2007 this will be for the past two years, as is usual for signed performance appraisals (except of course where less than this time has been served in the GES). GES CPD Summary Records are to be used as qualitative information only; more hours of CPD does not mean more CPD. The relevant criterion is the ability to show that one has learnt from CPD. The CPD Summary Record is ‘merely’ to inform the interview process and to assist the panel in reaching a judgment on a candidate’s potential for the post in terms of knowledge and application of economics. Where GES economists are competing with non-GES members for posts the latter should not be disadvantaged by not having submitted a GES CPD Summary. But, where CPD is to be weighed by a panel in reaching its judgment, the GES Summary Record may be used as evidence 2 See http://www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/benchmark/honours/economics.asp Page 7 of 21 (according to the criterion above of being able to show learning), as might other forms of evidence for all candidates. Page 8 of 21 Assistant Economist Recruitment Standards Economics The three criteria used for the GES Economic Assessment Centre (EAC) Fast Stream recruitment are ‘Knowledge, Application and Communication’ of economics. Knowledge is broadly what a UK honours graduate majoring in economics should know3. All candidates should have access to the GES core syllabuses and can expect questions from any part of these syllabuses. Application is the identification of the relevant economics and its effective use in elucidating real world issues and evaluating the policy options. Communication requires good use of English and is particularly focused on the candidate’s potential for explaining economic outcomes to non-economists. For a complete specification of the EAC recruitment criteria see the EAC Handbook. Non-Economic Skills The Cabinet Office Fast Stream Assessment Team sets the non-economic competences that are required by all fast stream recruits. These are: Drive for results How you plan and prioritise, your ability to solve problems and how you deal with setbacks Learning and improving How you learn from your experiences, your adaptability, and how you seek to improve your performance Decision-making Your ability to analyse, to think critically, to take decisions and give advice Constructive thinking Your ability to think creatively and to develop innovative solutions Building productive relationships Your ability to build productive relationships and achieve goals through these relationships Communicating with impact Your ability as a communicator, to influence and negotiate 3 This is based on the QAA Subject Benchmarks for Higher Education, see paragraph 5 of the GES Learning and Development Framework below, and assuming at least 50 per cent of time spent studying economics after the first year of a degree. Page 9 of 21 Economic Adviser (Grade 7 or 6) Recruitment Standards Economics GES Economics Core Knowledge: Macroeconomics Microeconomics EU and International Economics Econometrics and Data Effective Communication for Economists GES Economics Core Skills: You will need to demonstrate that you: keep abreast of developments in economic theory & practice and can briefly describe different methodological approaches identify opportunities for economic analysis to make a contribution to policy development and appraisal can select and apply appropriate economic concepts, use model-based argument and other standard techniques to address issues and problems apply economics to offer workable solutions, taking into account opportunity cost and impact assessment; incentives; the specific context of policy advice, diversity and distributional implications assess the reliability and relevance of evidence and give objective evidence-based advice are able to synthesise technical papers communicate complex technical ideas and arguments in ways which non-economists can readily understand Post-graduate capability Candidates must demonstrate that they are capable of a post- graduate level of competence in any area of applied economics. PSG Core Skills Candidates must demonstrate that they are capable of meeting the PSG core skills: Analysis & use of evidence Financial management People management Programme & project management Page 10 of 21 SCS Economist Recruitment Standards Economics GES Economics Core Knowledge and Skills A post-graduate level of competence in applied economics (if a department wishes to specify certain areas of economics for a particular post this must be made clear to candidates from the outset) plus Management of professional economists: sets direction for economists in team supports economists’ Continuous Professional Development, and leads by example Management of economics work sets direction for economics work programmes provides quality control and constructive feedback provides technical input as required Strategic use of economics applies knowledge of economics to influence the strategy of the department links output of research programmes to policy outcomes uses economics to challenge constructively Communication of economics is able to synthesise and present technical arguments from a range of sources both verbally and in succinct prose PSG SCS Core Skills Analysis & use of evidence Financial management People management Programme & project management Communication & Marketing Strategic thinking PSG Wider Experience experience in more than one of the three areas of government activity: corporate services delivery operational delivery policy delivery SCS Leadership Qualities Capability Direction Integrity Results Page 11 of 21 PSG Core Skills For All Staff at Grade 7 People Management Financial Management Understands and communicates the organisation’s priorities, and ensures people’s objectives are aligned with them Can describe the organisation’s business model and identify own contribution to its financial objectives Coaches & develops individuals, & manages own development Ensures personal delivery against plan, and forecasts accurately. Sets and influences stretching targets for improving the value achieved from resource inputs (people, budget and assets). Works confidently with financial data when making decisions: interpret trends, issues and risks in routine and, where appropriate, investment appraisals. Leads by example when incurring expenditure and managing business relationships and risks. Promotes and enforces appropriate business rules. Engages with finance experts, and knows when to provide them with routine or exceptional information Employs a range of appropriate techniques to promote equality of opportunity and diversity Recognises and rewards good performance, & tackles poor performance Knows how and when to engage with HR experts in tackling people issues Project and Programme Management Understands and uses PPM techniques, including risk management, Analysis and Use of Evidence Identifies and uses various sources of evidence [and feedback] to support outputs Understands and contributes to definition and delivery of programme benefits and business case development Understands the validity, relevance and limitations of different sources of evidence Plans and delivers strong relationships with stakeholders ensuring that the organization is a respected customer and provider Uses evidence to evaluate policies, projects & programmes Understands the purpose and use of Peer and OGC Gateway Reviews™ Understands and can interpret the most commonly used methods for summarising data Engages with PPM experts, and, in acquisition projects, procurement / commercial experts Engages with relevant experts to gather and evaluate evidence Page 12 of 21 PSG Core Skills For All Staff At SCS PB1 People Management Financial Management Develops team capability in line with business plan and organisational vision Influences the organisation’s business model and is adept at communicatin g it to internal and external audiences. Coaches & develops individuals and teams for high performance Plans, agrees & monitors the delivery of stretching targets. Identifies & implements innovative ways to improve efficiency & effectiveness in the use of resource & assets. Champions equality & diversity, & promotes best practice Interprets a wide range of financial information (including corporate financial reports) to make management decisions. Competent when approving investment appraisals. Provides assurance to Manages change Project and Programme Management Takes responsibility for definition & successful delivery of programme benefits through cost effective measurement processes. Can oversee development & delivery of a viable business case. Anticipates, manages and monitors programme / project risks, including by using market knowledge and networks Analysis and Use of Evidence Predicts and secures appropriate evidence as a basis for decisions, including testing for deliverability and preparing for evaluation Strategic Thinking Comms & Marketing Understands can explain Ministry’s strategy and priorities. Uses communicatio ns and marketing to put the citizen at the heart of policy development and operations. Links evidence with specific outputs to challenge decisionmaking, and identifies ways to improve its quality & use Understands and uses cross departmental customer segmentation, identifies consumer/citiz en needs and understands the range of communicatio n channels Ensures effective communicatio ns with stakeholders Champions use of a variety of tools in collecting and analysing evidence, balancing needs and concerns of users and suppliers Understands govt. priorities, wider policy environment & institutional constraints. Translates overall strategic direction of Dept & Govt as a whole into effective delivery of own work area Identifies, understands and takes account of key strategic drivers affecting the delivery system, including the potential impact of ICT Ensures OGC Gateway™ Ensures deployment of Understands and deploys a Understands the wider Aligns policy and delivery with clear communicatio ns objectives and measurement criteria Page 13 of 21 effectively identifying resistance, building engagement & involvement, & rewarding innovation. Works in partnership with HR experts to achieve organisation’s goals the Board on the achievement of the highest standards of internal controls & public sector governance. Works in partnership with finance experts to achieve organisation’s goals reviews are commissioned and contributed evidence is consistent with wider government requirements range of strategic analysis tools ministerial and communicatio ns agenda across the Ministry and Government Works in partnership with PPM experts to achieve organisation’s goals Works in partnership with a wide range of analytical experts to achieve organisation’s goals Works in partnership with internal and external strategy experts to achieve organisation’s goals Works in partnership with communicatio ns and marketing experts to achieve organisation’s goals Page 14 of 21 Professional Expertise for Policy Delivery Staff at G7 Policy Design Policy Delivery Build a team with appropriate skills and interdisciplinary working and involve relevant expert individuals and organisations in policy design, including those with expertise in delivery Design policies that take account of legal environment, EU considerations, and guidance on policy/regulatory appraisal including effective anticipation of risk Demonstrate an understanding of parliamentary process , public accountability, and the roles of ministers and civil servants Know who the customers are and their concerns Ensure policies, programmes and services stay on track and delivered desired outcomes efficiently Understand delivery mechanisms and demonstrate awareness of what is effective in delivering policy outcomes on the ground Provide advice on the presentation and implementation of policies that is consistent with the principles and mechanisms of accountability Develop innovative, but realistic delivery plans (in line with RIA requirements) Partnership Working & Stakeholder Management Ensure my team understand and anticipate the needs of ministers. Influence effectively, as appropriate, at EU level. Strategy (G7 only) Sector Knowledge Create strategy using evidence based best practice. Keep up to date with developments that affect the sector and anticipate what may affect it in future Ensure my team knows how to engage effectively with partners / stakeholders, understands their needs and aspirations and develops appropriate solutions / improvements. Creative use of communication mechanisms to inform, consult, and influence partners/ stakeholders Develop and encourage relationships between individuals, teams and business units inside in my organisation and beyond. Know how and when to contribute to cross cutting work Use and test new strategic tools and frameworks Understand regulatory and other policy impacts in my area Understand the wider strategic environment and make appropriate resource decisions Constructive ly challenge existing strategies Page 15 of 21 Generate a range of policy options and appraise them based on the evidence Produce influential advice and briefing Apply lessons learned from success and failure Page 16 of 21 Professional Expertise For Policy Delivery Staff at SCS PB1 Policy Design Policy Delivery Partnership Working & Stakeholder Management Work with ministers and their private offices to ensure policy meets their expectations Sector Knowledge Steer the design of a range of policies taking account of legal environment, EU considerations, and guidance on policy/regulatory appraisal Ensure staff understand parliamentary process and the roles of ministers and civil servants. Influence effectively, as appropriate, at EU level. Confirm that advice, recommendations and actions within my area of responsibility take account of what is effective in delivering policy outcomes on the ground Explain the delivery mechanisms for policies and how they fit with those elsewhere in the organisation and beyond Facilitate relationships with a range of people across government, the wider public sector and the EU who will or may be affected by issues within my area, and ensure effective engagement at EU level. Demonstrate an awareness of other strategies being delivered in the sector and identify opportunities to work together Ensure that teams within my area of responsibility have the ability to create a range of policy options and know how to evaluate them, based on the evidence Propose realistic, innovative and evidence based ways to deliver new objectives effectively; in line with RIA requirements Develop and encourage relationships between individuals, teams and business units inside in my organisation and beyond. Know how and when to contribute to cross cutting work Identify the different strands of knowledge and expertise that need to be drawn on in addressing issues in my sector. Apply lessons learned from success and failure across different policy areas See delivery as an integrated part of policy development and ensure my team work effectively with all parts of the delivery chain Set clear expectations of my team to proactively engage, support and develop relationships with partners/stakeholders Ensure that my team identified and anticipates risks in devising policies Lead the work to ensure policies, programmes and services stay on track and, where possible, constantly improve Build and use external networks and media to champion departmental or Agency services and successes Identify areas that need cross-cutting work and develop effective solutions Page 17 of 21 Ensure the establishment of interdisciplinary teams with appropriate mix of skills Ensure that there is an effective relationship with delivery partners to monitor delivery Page 18 of 21 Professional Expertise For Operational Delivery Staff at G7 Customer Service Champion customer service within team, describing what the future looks like in terms of service improvements and modernisation Regularly meet with customers (and relevant staff) to understand their needs at a local level and raise awareness of products and services Identify opportunities for service improvements to take account of customer needs Share and implement customer service best practice with internal and external peers Meet agreed performance standards for customer services Partnership Working & Stakeholder Management Ensure my team understands partner/stakehold er needs and aspirations and develops appropriate solutions/ improvements Organisational Performance Management Change Management Information and Communication s Technology Understand the strategic environment in which the service is delivered Am open to department change initiatives and encourage team to embrace and contribute where possible Understand drivers and constraints for successful IT delivery. Develop and encourage relationships between individuals, teams and business units inside in my organisation Identify information needs and, where possible, ensure systems are in place to deliver it Evaluate the impact of changes on the business, current processes and systems Make business and efficiency improvements through use of IT Raise difficult issues with partners/stakehol ders with a view to positive resolution. Structure business unit to deliver key objectives and obtain and allocate resources Implement changes successfully – on time and on budget Develop and use a variety of communication mechanisms to inform and consult and influence partners/ stakeholders Ensure operational continuity and resilience through effective risk management Support my team through periods of change, overcoming any resistance Broadly understand the whole life cost of IT, including those costs relating to ongoing operation of systems and possible future infrastructure enhancements Identify and manage business change activities required to support the successful implementation of new or changed IT solutions Set targets for delivery and ensure team’s delivery against them, in excess of targets where possible Manage delivery of internal Page 19 of 21 Customer Service Partnership Working & Stakeholder Management Organisational Performance Management Change Management Information and Communication s Technology projects, ensuring delivery to plan and budget Page 20 of 21 Professional Expertise for Operational Delivery Staff at SCS PB1 Customer Service Implement systematic customer feedback processes and act on feedback to ensure systems and standards meet customer needs Deliver first class customer service characterised by standards set in Chartermark [or equivalent] Develop strategies for ensuring widespread understanding of product/service Partnership Working & Stakeholder Management Set clear expectations of my team, and support them, to proactively engage, support and develop relationships with partners/stakeholders Provide ministers with realistic advice about the likely consequences of policy proposals Performance Management – Organisational Promote a culture of delivery across the organisation, seeking and using best practice from other organisations Information and Communications Technology Use knowledge of technology and industry trends to make informed decisions Make use of organisational knowledge and interpret information to identify trends and set delivery strategy Develop organisational structure and accountabilities to support delivery agenda and remove obstacles to crossboundary working Effectively perform the role of senior responsible officer or sponsor for ICT projects Build and use external networks and media to champion departmental or Agency services and successes Develop and agree the resource horizon through SR negotiations Where appropriate, develop knowledge management systems/ departmental intranet systems to support performance and change management Manage stakeholder expectations Ensure organisational business continuity and resilience through effective risk management Ensure teams understand and use risk, issue and quality management processes Accept accountability for delivery of portfolio of workstreams and empower workstream owners to deliver Champion partner concerns within my organisation and champion our concerns with partners Identify situations in which outsourcing of a business or IT function might be appropriate and provide high-level management of outsourcing process and/or manage the selection process for external vendors Page 21 of 21