The Foundation of Government in the West
I. Ideas out of the Fertile Quest and the Middle East
_______________ was their great general who established the
first __________ - land outside of region controlled.
Hammurabi’s code was an attempt to establish _____________
Greeks & Romans build off of the ideas of the ______________
II. Development of Democratic Ideas in Ancient Greece
Greek _________ were like humans in conflict, but immortal.
____________ were expected to be involved in politics and civil
(city) life. They were considered free and rational men, so they
had the ability to ___________
Greek leaders were expected to be willingly to ___________
__________ person who gains power by force, nowadays is
one who takes away the ___________________.
_________ valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom,
beauty and individuality.
__________ were educated to think and act as a free people.
__________ rule by the people.
__________ believed that Individual achievement, dignity, and
worth are of great importance.
__________ is “one who loves wisdom”.
__________ created the Socratic method of asking questions to
find the truth of something; he was sentenced to death for
corrupting the youth of Athens.
__________ Socrates’ greatest student, theorized that the average
citizen was incapable of governing wisely, only the top third should
rule, and their greatest philosopher would be king. Wrote The
Republic about the best form of government. Plato’s three groups of
a country were philosopher-kings, warriors, and producers.
__________ Plato’s greatest pupil, developed syllogism - If A
and B are true, then it leads to the truth of C. He believed that
government actions must adhere to the law. He believed that
laws maintain the stability of the nation. To him, the best type of
government was constitutional.
III. Roman Civilization and its Republic (1000 BC to AD 476)
___________ ruled by father, who controlled all property, could
sell into slavery or kill any member without penalty, spoke for
family, and was the chief priest.
___________ - first laws were written down, so nobles could not
misinterpret, and all citizens had the right to the same protection
under the law.
___________ Roman code of law applied to ALL people.
___________ was an early set of Roman laws that formed the
legal principles that are foundation of Western law.
___________ - “I forbid” - stops other consul’s laws.
___________ - in times of crisis - 6 months of total power.
___________ each branch of govt can limit the power of others.
Roman ___________ could be granted to a select few
individuals in other lands.
___________ - proletarius "citizen of the lowest class," in
ancient Rome, landless people, exempted from taxes and
military service, which served the state only by having children.
Without farms or jobs they became dangerous discontent mobs.
___________ would fight for leader who brought wealth, not Republic.
___________ - peace and prosperity in the empire
___________ Free the body of pain and mind of fear, avoid pain by
avoiding excesses.
___________ Encouraged virtue, duty, and endurance, pain and
pleasure were unimportant, human laws and power should be
reasonable & just. Pater familias no longer had power of life & death.
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire - 3 areas
___________ Prices rose because of devaluation of coins.
___________ allows freedom of religion
G. Legacy of Roman Empire
1. ___________ form of government spread through world,
but not until after American Revolution.
The Foundation of Government in the West
Each of these is to be answered in a phrase on this page and in
2 to 5 sentences to be turned in at the end of class each day.
1. What is the issue with ruling people of different cultures?
2. What are some of the definitions of justice?
2. _______ spread through much of Europe and the world.
3. What is the problem with ruling a large empire?
3. Language - ______
4. What is the connection between this final judgment and
a. Latin roots form the foundation of the ___________
Languages of Italian, French, Romanian, Spanish, and Portuguese.
b. Latin roots make up more than 1/3 of _______ (which is also
a 1/3 Germanic).
c. Alphabet of _______ letters is the basis for many
languages such as English.
4. Architecture
a. practical - useful - such as roads and aqueducts.
b. grand scale - large to impress.
5. Art was realistic, impressive and beautiful.
justice? To many where one ends up is based on what?
5. A Greek hero was someone who did what?
6. Free and rational men have the ability to do what?
7. How did the reforms help the economy of Athens grow?
8. How did the reforms help Athenians be better citizens?
9. What good does the Socratic Method do in a democracy?
10. What is freedom to the Greeks? To us?
11. What is the benefit of term limits?
Western Civilization (103)
Men spent their leisure time where? (agora 105)
arete (107)
acropolis (108)
Eratosthenes (126)
Euclid (126)
Archimedes (126)
12. What are the 2 benefits of a veto?
Cincinnatus (137)
tribune (142)
civil war (145)
Plotted to be king (L146)
Cicero (146)
gladiator (peace 151)
Caesar (rb 151)
Roman Forum (158)
17. What is good about freedom of religion?
13. What is the good & the bad about the idea of a dictator?
14. What is the good of the system of checks and balances?
15. Why would you grant Roman Citizenship to foreigners?
16. What good does improving trade and transportation do?
18. What is bad about making an official state religion?
19. * Describe 3 things the Greeks taught us about govt.?
20. * Describe 5 things the Romans taught us about govt.?