WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W1
Session Plan
W1 - Water Supply Linkages
Timetable
Opening &
Introduction
W1-Water
W2-Water
supply linkages needs pt1
1 hr
30 mins
W6-Meeting
immediate
water needs
W7-Medium
term water
responses
30 mins
45 mins
30 mins
W8-Case study
exercise
W2-Water
needs pt2
W3-Local
regulations
cultural norms
& good practice
45 mins
45 mins
W9 - Water
facilities &
good practice
45 mins
W10 –
Operation,
Maintenance
and
Sustainability
1 hr
2 hours 30
mins
W4-Water
sources,
treatment &
implications
W5Assessments,
prioritisation,
monitoring
45 mins
W11 –Water
Context
1 hr
W12 – Site
Visit
1 hour 15 mins
2 hours 45
mins
Session-at-a-Glance
Session Activities
Introductory explanation of terminology and
links between water, sanitation and hygiene
promotion.
Discussion of public health hygiene
promotion model and hygiene promotion in
emergencies
Discussion of WASH links with other sectors
and the cluster approach and the need for
context specific analysis
Total time
Approx.
Time
10 mins
Instructional Activity
Power point presentation
10 mins
Plenary discussion
10 mins
Plenary discussion
30 mins
Session Aims

To establish the links between water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion as well
as between WASH and the other clusters, including health, nutrition, logistics, shelter,
protection and early recovery

To emphasise the importance of understanding the specific context when designing
programmes
Session Objectives
By the end of the session, participants will understand:

The importance of the links between water, sanitation and hygiene promotion

The terminologies associated with the WASH sector

What the linkages are with other sectors

The importance of analysing the context and responding appropriately
Session Materials

Computer and projector

Handouts: (W1.3)
Terminology & definitions – adapted from Hygiene Promotion Project
1
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
-
W1
Hygiene promotion briefing paper (W1.4)
- A4 copies of key slides – Public Health Promotion Model; Hygiene
Promotion in Emergencies (W1.5)
Key Messages

Importance of combining water, hygiene and sanitation to maximise impact.

Importance of understanding the specific contexts and designing programmes
accordingly.

Importance of communication with local authorities, people and between sectors /
clusters.
Facilitator Guidance
Background reading for facilitator:

Cluster hygiene promotion project materials
o
Rapid staff orientation package
o
Terminology & definitions
o
Hygiene promotion briefing paper
o
Disease fact sheets

General texts:
o
Cairncross, S & Feachem, R (1999, 2nd edition) ‘Environmental Health
Engineering in the Tropics, An Introductory Text’, John Wiley & Sons
o
Ferron, S, Morgan, J and O’Reilly (2007) ‘Hygiene Promotion, A Practical Manual
for Relief and Development’ (updated version), ITDG Publications
Session plan
Terminology and linkages – water, hygiene, sanitation:
(10 min)
PP slides 2-6
2. Explain some of the terminology used in the WASH Cluster,
which can be confusing for people new to large scale
international emergencies. In particular explain the different
terms used by different international organisations.
3. Explain the relevance of the F-diagram and how WASH is
used to break the transmission routes.
Session Plan – W1: Water Supply Linkages
2
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W1
4. Highlight the 4 different types of WASH related transmission
routes and in particular those usually most relevant to
emergencies as highlighted.
5.
Use graph of the relative importance of the different
elements of water, sanitation and hygiene promotion in
reducing diarrhoeal disease.
Note that the data and analysis is contentious for various
reasons including that it is difficult to split the different
elements and in relation to the methodologies for the studies.
Emphasise the agreement on the importance of hygiene
promotion and sanitation and hence why there should be equal
emphasis on them alongside water. Highlight also the relative
importance of hand-washing.
6. Note that there have been more recent studies which have
identified a difference between the impacts of good water
quality at the source and good water quality at the household
for reducing diarrhoea. This is because water can be recontaminated between source and the household. There is
some controversy over the findings however as household
water treatment is also usually accompanied by hygiene
promotion, which may have contributed to the increased
benefit.
The studies have been undertaken in development contexts in
non-epidemic situations.
Water quantity although not indicated as high as hand-washing
(for example) is still needed, otherwise hand-washing and other
basic hygiene could not be possible. In first phase emergency
contexts, ensuring an adequate quantity of water for drinking
and all cooking and hygiene needs is the priority with water
quality, although basic principles for safe water should not be
forgotten.
Public health hygiene promotion
promotion in emergencies: (10 min)
PP slides 7-8
model
&
hygiene
7. Use the two slides to show the overview of how health is
improved to prevent epidemics.
8. Emphasise the need for both the software and hardware as
well as creating an appropriate enabling environment for the
affected population.
Session Plan – W1: Water Supply Linkages
3
WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies
W1
WASH linkages with other sectors / Clusters & context
specific analysis: (10 min)
PP slides 9-13
9. Ask the group to identify links between WASH and the other
sectors / Clusters. Add
10. Discuss examples of each Cluster where not identified by
the group
11. Highlight the wide range of different emergency contexts,
and that interventions for one may not be appropriate for
another and that it is essential to understand the context to be
able to design an appropriate response.
12. Highlight that to understand the context and to coordinate
and make effective links between the different sectors /
Clusters, that the key is effective communication &
coordination.
13. Summarise the session
Highlighting that understanding the specific context includes
cultural and social norms as well as technical issues and the
importance of including the target population in developing the
context analysis.
Session Plan – W1: Water Supply Linkages
4