Keywords - L323.7
Morphology
_-Writing a grammar: Irregular forms.
Nouns
A.
i.
(a).
Must be marked in each lexeme.
(b).
Lexically conditioned.
Irregular stems.
ii.
2.
Irregular endings: -en; (the Latinate and Greek endings).
(a).
Must be marked in each lexeme.
(b).
Grammatically conditioned.
ii.
Sometimes both are irregular (children = child+r+en)
iii.
Must be marked in the lexicon to be introduced next.
Verbs
Ditto as for nouns.
i.
ii.
Irregularities must be marked in the lexicon
The lexicon is introduced next.
Strong vs non-strong verbs.
i. past tense and non-prog. participle are always different. If they are
the same, the belong to the default regular class.
B.
ii.
Include verbs such as ‘sing, sang, sung.’
B.
Strong: [+Past, -Suffix]
i. [-Suffix] means that the grammatical category, here [-Past], is in the
word form: e.g. ‘sang.’
B.
Strong: [-Prog] = [±Suffix].
i. [+Prog] is never irregular.
ii.
always [+Suffix].
Default: all grammatical features in English are by default a suffix. Irregularities apply first.
i. The rule:
B.
[SEE, [+Past]] -> saw
(1)
ii.
Grammatically conditioned rule must be applied first.
iii.
The regular ending “-ed” is spelled out after all irregular rules have
been applied.
Weak Verbs
i. Fall into three classes:
B.
marked with -t- in the past and the non-progressive forms.
(a).
dream, dream+t, dream+t.
(i).
marked with -d- in the past and the non-progressive forms.
(b).
(ii).
regular: ‘-ed’.
(b).
(ii).
conjugate, conjugat+ed, conjugat+ed
Spelling rules
ii.
mute ‘e’ _ {} / ___ V, V an orthographic vowel which is
phonetically [+Syl].
(a).
2.
hold, hel+d, hel+d.
(i).
‘rake’ _ ‘rak + ed’,
(ii).
‘raked’ erase the plus sign.
Adjectives
Three grammatical categories
i.
ii.
B.
positive, comparative, superlative
(a).
positive = unmarked
(b).
comparative = ‘er’
(c).
superlative = ‘est’
the latter two have a paraphrastic alternate:
(a).
more: more inscrutable
(b).
most: most inscrutable
Irregularities
i. suppletive
(a).
good, better, best
(b).
bad, worse, worst
(c).
----, more, most
Course Outline 323
Keywords - L323.4
Keywords - L323.6-
This page last updated 20 FE 2005
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