SOLUTIONS
Homogenous mixtures containing two or more substances (mixed really good)
Solute – thing dissolved
Solvent – dissolving medium
Vocabulary
Soluble – can dissolve in solvent
Insoluble – cannot dissolve in solvent
Immiscible – do not mix
Miscible – can mix together
Solvation – solvent particles surrounding and pulling apart solute particles to make a
solution (science for dissolving)
Attractive forces between solute and solvent attract each other to pull apart solute
There are attractive forces because electrons are traded or not shared
equally
Ionic solutions – water pulls apart + and – ions in compound because
water is polar
Covalent solutions – water can pull apart molecules because electrons are
shared unequally so they are polar
Factors for solvation
Agitation – shaking mixture will increase rate of salvation (solute being
hit harder by solvent particles)
Increasing surface area – more solute that is exposed to solvent the faster
the solvent can pull it apart
Increasing temperature – makes solvent particles move faster and hit
solute more and harder
Solubility
Maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at certain temperature and pressure
Saturated – maximum amount has dissolved
Unsaturated – more can dissolve
Supersaturated – can hold more than saturated (high heat and cool slowly)
Factors affecting solubility
Temperature – higher temp increases saturation point
Pressure – higher pressure increases saturation point
Henry’s Law – solubility is proportional to the pressure of the gas above the
liquid
S1/P1 = S2/P2
or S1P2 = S2P1
Solution Concentration
How much solute is dissolved in the solvent
Solute / solution x 100%
Molarity
Number of moles of solute per liter of solution (m/L)
M = moles solute / liters solution