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Chapter 3 Class Notes
BSC 2085 Sumer 2010
The cell is the _____________ structural and ___________ living unit.
Continuity of life has a ___________ basis.
What are the 3 basic parts of the human cell?
The plasma membrane is made of a bimolecular layer of ______________ and proteins that are a constantly
changing “fluid mosaic.”
75% of membrane lipids are _______________________ which have a __________ head (hydrophilic) and
__________ (hydrophobic) fatty acid tails.
Phospholipids automatically orient themselves into a lipid _______________ when placed in a watery
environment
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5% of membrane lipids are _______________ which form the “___________________” which helps cells identify
each other.
20% of the cell membrane is made of ________________ which increases both _________ and fluidity, as it
allows leaks through the bilayer lipid membrane.
What are 3 functions of integral proteins?
Name 5 functions of peripheral proteins of the plasma membrane.
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Membrane proteins can make ___________ channels that do not use ATP, or ________________ channels that
use ATP for transporting substances across the cell membrane. These membrane proteins are called transport
channels.
Membrane proteins can be ______________ for signal transduction.
Membrane proteins can form attachments to the intracellular _____________ or the extracellular matrix.
Acting as enzymes, membrane proteins can catalyze specific chemical reactions.
Membrane proteins join cells through CAM’s, or ___________________________.
Glycosylated membrane proteins facilitate cell-to-cell _______________.
What are three types of membrane junctions, and what are their major functions?
Cell membranes are _________ -permeable, which means that some substances can pass through the membrane,
and some cannot.
Osmosis is facilitated through channels in the cell membrane called ___________________ or AQPs.
Osmolarity is the measure of total concentration of ____________ particles, and when solutions of a different
osmolarity are separated by a membrane, ________________ occurs until equilibrium of solute concentrations
is reached.
If the membrane is selectively permeable, osmosis between solutions of different concentrations causes a
change in ____________ on both sides of the membrane.
Tonicity is the ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or burst. Which of these solutions will cause a cell to
burst: Isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic? Which of these three will cause a cell to shrink? Which of these will not
cause the cell volume to change?
Cytoplasm is made up of these three things:
Which three cytoplasmic organelles have no membranes?
What is the main function of an organelle’s membrane?
________________ provide most of the cell’s ATP through a process called aerobic ______________.
Cellular respiration is a collection of reactions in which ___________ is broken down in the presence of
_________to eventually make ATP.
Mitochondria have double folded membranes called _______________.
True or False? Mitochondria have their own DNA and RNA and can reproduce.
Ribosomes are the site of ________________________.
Free ribosomes manufacture ______________.
Membrane bound ribosomes manufacture ____________________.
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What are 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum?
What types of proteins does the rough ER manufacture?
What are 6 functions of proteins made by the smooth ER?
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What are 2 major functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Vesicles created by the Golgi can do these 3 things:
Major functions of lysosomes are to digest ingested _____________ or _______________ non-functional
organelles.
_____________________ can break down bone to release calcium or _______________ injured or non-useful
cells (autolysis).
The Endomembrane system has these 4 overall functions:
These 5 things make up the Endomembrane system:
Peroxisomes ____________________ dangerous free radicals.
What are three types of rods making up the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments are made up of ______________.
Intermediate fibers are tough ropelike fibers that form a network , which___________________ the cell.
Microtubules are hollow tubes made up of _____________________, and most radiate from the _____________.
Microtubules organize the __________________________.
Motor molecules can move organelles or cells and are powered by ___________.
The cell center or _____________________ is distinguished by the presence of 2 ________________.
What are 2 main functions of the centrosome?
What are 3 types of cellular extensions?
What is the function of each type of cellular extension?
How many types of human cells have a flagella?
The nucleus has a ___________________ with blueprints for creating nearly all the cellular proteins.
The nucleus is a ____________________ that responds to stimuli and dictates which ___________ are to be
synthesized.
Most cells have ________ nucleus. Which cells are anucleate? Which are multinucleate?
What is the function of the nucleolus?
What makes up chromatin?
What is chromatin’s function?
When the cell starts to divide, the chromatin condenses into ___________________.
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