What do I need to know for Monday’s test?
Prokaryotes
 Single cell
 Does NOT have a membrane bound nucleus protecting the DNA
 Small, simple organisms
 Example—bacteria
Eukaryotes
 Multi-cellular (many cells)
 DNA is found in the nucleus
 Larger, more complex organisms
 Example—plants and animals
Cell theory
 All living things are made of one or more cells
 Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
 Cells come from other cells
Organelles
 Cell membrane = surrounds cell to protect it. The cell membrane controls what can go
into or out of a cell AND what is not allowed to go into or out of a cell.
 Nucleus = membrane -bound organelle that stores and protects the DNA.
 Cytoplasm = the fluid that fills the cell holding the organelles in place. It fills the space
between the cell membrane and the nucleus
 Ribosomes = Make proteins
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)- Covered with ribosomes, the RER processes the
proteins created by the ribosomes
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) = makes lipids and breaks down toxins
 Golgi body – packages proteins into vesicles and ships them out of the cell.
 Mitochondria = the power house of the cell. It makes energy
 Centrioles = used in animals cells during cell division (animal cells only)
 Lysosome = vesicle containing enzymes that will break down food and waste
 Vacuole = in plants it is very large and stores water. In animals, it stores nutrients and
waste
 Chloroplast = green organelle found in plants used to convert solar energy into glucose.
It is responsible to photosynthesis
 Cell Wall = outermost layer of the plant cell. It supports the plant cells making them
rigid. It lies right on top of the cell membrane
 Diffusion = the movement of molecules across the cell membrane from areas of high
concentration to areas of low concentration
 Osmosis = the movement of WATER across the cell membrane from areas of high
concentration to are of low concentration.
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