Dear Colleague, We woulkd like to invite you to participate in the PIRO II Study, a confirmatory study of a previous study – The Predisposition, Infection, Response and Organ Failure (Piro) Sepsis Classification System: Results of Hospital Mortality Using a Novel Concept and Methodological Approach, which was published on PLOS ONE in 2013 (PLoS ONE 8(1): e53885. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053885) and that you will find in annexe to this file. The PIRO concept, which describes septic patients across four domains, aroused with the suggestion that sepsis could be looked in a similar way to cancer, with the TNM staging system. This system suggested that patients could be stratified on the basis of their predisposing conditions, the nature and extent of the insult (infection), the nature and magnitude of the host response, and the degree of organ dysfunction. However, describing sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in light of the PIRO system and introducing it in everyday practice has been challenging. The purpose of our first study was to to identify for each component of PIRO the specific variables associated with higher ability to predict hospital mortality, including a dynamic assessment of variables of the PIRO classification system. It was a large multicenter study that included 17 Portuguese Intensive Care Units in Portugal and nearly 900 patients. In our first study we identified specific variables associated with each of the four components of PIRO, including biomarkers and a dynamic view of the patient daily clinical course. This novel approach to PIRO concept and overall score could be a better predictor of mortality for patients with community-acquired sepsis admitted to ICUs. Our results showed that this novel approach to PIRO concept present a good prediction of hospital mortality for patients with community-acquired sepsis admitted to ICUs. It is also our believe that PIRO system should be further investigated in order to become a true patient staging system with real treatment and prognostic implications in sepsis patients. We are now inviting several Swedish ICUs to perform a confirmatory study from that previous study. I am contacting you to encourage you to participate with your ICU in the PIRO II Study. The findings of this study will substantially enhance our knowledge towards a future consense and may impulsionate a step further in trying to find out which model with which variables may best fit on a tool able to give us, clinicians, information concerning the prognosis and treatment response of severe sepsis and septic shock On annexe you will find the study protocol, the data collection form and further information. Unfortunately, we are unable to provide any economic support for participating centers. However, once results from the study will be published each participating center and its lead investigator will be named as a collaborator on the published manuscript. I look forward your participation in PIRO II Study. Please do not hesitate to contact me if any additional information is required. Cristina Granja, M.D., PhD. Study Coordinator ICU Director, Emergency and Intensive Care Department, Centro Hospitalar Algarve Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Algarve Affiliate Professor CIDES/CINTESIS - Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Portugal Phone +351912206712 Email: cristinagranja@hotmail.com