Study guide for the nine weeks benchmark test: Test is Friday March 22nd
1. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell? Where is DNA located in a Prokaryotic cell? The
nucleus
The Cytoplasm
2. What do scientists look at when classifying organisms? Similarities in appearance
3. What are the four nitrogenous bases and how do they pair up?
Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine
4. What are the three shapes of bacteria? Cocci, Baccili, Spiral
5. What is one process that occurs in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
Photosynthesis
6. What are the products of meiosis? 4 daughter cells with the half the amount of DNA as the parent
7. What are the products of mitosis? 2 daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent
8. What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?
The number of cells and how much DNA is in each Meiosis produces gametes and Mitosis
produces body cells
9. What could cause a species to separate into two different species overtime?
A change in the available food
10. Who is the father of genetics?
Mendel
11. Who was the scientist who developed binomial nomenclature?
Linneaus
12. What scientific field involves the extracting of DNA from one organism and placing it into another
organism?
Genetic Engineering
13. What does the diagram below describe? The Evolution of the a cat
14. Scientist use all the fossils on found on Earth to create what? The fossil record
15. What axis on a graph would you find the dependent variable?
Y axis
16. A raccoon’s scientific name is Procyon lotor. What genus does the raccoon belong to? Procyon
17. What is the main difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms?
Angiosperms produce flowers and fruit around the seed
Gymnosperms have naked seeds found in cones
18. What is the function and location of the following: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus and cytoplasm?
Cell membrane-surrounds and protects the cell. Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cell Wall-provides support and protection for the cell
Nucleus-controls all cell activities
Cytoplasm-holds the other organelles in place
19. What are the phases of mitosis and describe what happens in each.
Prophase- (A pile of worms) nuclear membrane disappears and chromosomes appear
Metaphase- (Middle) chromosomes line up in the middle spindle fibers attach to the
chromosome
Anaphase-(Apart) chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers
Telophase-(two new nuclei) nuclear membrane reappears around each new nuclei
This is followed by cytokinesis which is the division of cytoplasm
20. What is the difference between nonvascular and vascular plants? Give examples of each.
Nonvascular plants lack xylem and phloem-mosses
Vascular have xylem and phloem-pine tree, fern, flowering trees
21. What are the differences between an angiosperm and a gymnosperm? See number 17
22. Fungus and fungus like protist are considered to beDecomposers because they break down dead
organisms.
23. What long whip or tail like structure do bacteria use for movement?
24. Who took an x-ray of DNA?
Flagella
Rosalind Franklin
25. What kingdom(s) are made up of organisms that lack a nucleus?
Archaeabacteria, Eubacteria
26. What is the order of the classification hierarchy starting with the most inclusive?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species
27. How can you tell a statement is a hypothesis?
It is usually written as an “If then” statement. Will predict what will happen when the scientist
does something
28. What is the difference between the control group and a constant in an experiment?
The control group is not changed by the IV. It is used for comparison. The constants are all
the variables that are kept the same throughout the experiment.
29. What is another term for autotroph? Heterotroph? Give an example of each.
Producer-Plant
Consumer-animal
30. What are the three statements of the cell theory? Who wrote the final draft?
The cell is the basic unit of life
All living things are made up of cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Virchow wrote the final draft
31. What are the differences between a plant and animal cell?
Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls a cell plate during mitosis and have one large vacuole.
Animal Cells have many small vacoules
32. If an organism has chloroplast in its cells what process do you think the organism can perform?
Photosynthesis
33. Name 5 traits that are inheritable and 5 that are not.
Traits that are: eye color, skin color, dog fur color, length of a dog tail, height
Traits that are not: suntans, ability to read German, the ability to play soccer, intelligence, a
broken leg
34. What is an allele?
A variation of a trait
35. What must happen before a cell divides if the daughter cell is to have the same amount of DNA as the
parent cell?
The DNA must replicate
36. What are the molecules that make up DNA? Deoxyribose, nitrogenous base, phosphate molecule
37. Why does a plant goes through the process of photosynthesis?
To make food
38. Write the equation for photosynthesis? 6H20 + 6CO2 + Light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
39. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
To convert sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use.
40. What is a gene? A section of DNA that has the instructions for a trait
41. Fungi, like plants have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane. But fungi are not classified in the
plant kingdom because they cannot do what? Photosynthesis
42. What are the characteristics of the protist kingdom?
Eukaryotic, unicellular/multicellular, asexual/sexual, autotrophic/heterotrophic organisms that
live in aquatic habitats.
43. What did Darwin attribute the different beaks found on the island finches compared to the finches found
on the mainland?
Different food sources available to the Finches
44. What are the four possible causes of evolution?
Extinction, mutation, Natural Selection, Adaptation
45. What do scientists use as evidence for evolution?
Fossils, Embrology, Geographic distribution , DNA, Anatomy-Homologous Structures
46. What do we call the structures found in organisms that show that they had a common ancestor?
Homologous Structures
47. What are the rules for writing a scientific name?
First word is always capitalized, second word is not. Both words need to be either italicized or
underlined and always use Latin
One more on the back
48. In armadillos, hairy ears are dominant over smooth ears. What would be the genotypes of the parents if
you crossed a purebred hairy ear and a hybrid hairy ear armadillo?
Complete the punnett square for the above cross.
What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
Parent genotypes are HH and Hh
H
H
HH
HH
Hh
Hh
Possible genotypes are HH and Hh
Possible phenotypes are Hairy and Hairless