AFRICA & ASIA IN THE ERA OF INDEPENDENCE
PROBLEMS AFTER INDEPENDENCE
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Cold War influences
 undeveloped economies
few developing economies
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
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promises by independence leaders not kept
multitude of challenges for most nations:
o weak democracies
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o neo-colonialism & undeveloped economies
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o ethnic & religious tensions due to
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o …all of these contribute to Africa’s poverty
GHANA: CHARISMATIC POPULISM
 Kwame Nkrumah
o promised social & economic reforms
o reforms hindered after independence:
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o became authoritarian dictator
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o socialist-leaning
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o deposed in 1966
SOUTH AFRICA: WHITE DOMINANCE & LIBERATION
 Afrikaner National Party instituted
, 1948
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 ANC ( ) formed, 1912
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o ANC banned by Apartheid
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 protests grew, 1980s
 FW DeKlerk
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1st free election, 1994
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new constitution passed, 1996
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: MILITARY DICTATORSHIP
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o Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba elected
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 General Mobutu seizes power, 1965-1997
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o PM Lumumba assassinated, 1961
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 environmental destruction
SOUTH ASIA – INDIA: DEMOCRATIC STABILITY
 partition & independence,
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 advantages:
o India’s military defends
o Came into independence with
 Disadvantages:
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 Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947-64
o dedicated to:
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Economic development
o mix of private & state initiatives
o the “Green Revolution”
 a global trend
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o How does India fit into the global economy today?