Taylor Farnetti
BSC 307
DNA and RNA Standard Assessment Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Recall the history of DNA.
Describe the components of DNA.
Identify DNA in eukaryotic cells.
Being able to identify the overall structure of a DNA molecule from a figure.
Describe the components of DNA.
Explain the process of mitosis.
Relate the DNA molecule to chromosome structure.
Identifying the structure differences between DNA and RNA .
Comparing DNA and RNA based on similarities.
Recall what a gene is.
Summarize the events of DNA replication.
Describe transcription and the editing of DNA.
Summarize the events of DNA replication.
Relate gene expression to development.
Identify and Explain DNAs functions.
Identifying components in DNA.
Recalling what double helix stands for in relating to the overall structure of DNA .
Relate the DNA molecule to the chromosome structure.
Recognize the three different types of RNA and be able to identify the functions of
the three.
20. Recognize the three different types of RNA and be able to identify the functions of
the three.
21. Recognize the three different types of RNA and be able to identify the functions of
the three.
22. A. Explain the history of the Hershey-Chase experiment and identify the
importance.
B. Describe the overall structure of the DNA molecule.
C. Describe transcription and the editing of DNA/ Summarize the events of DNA
replication/ Tell how DNA differs from RNA
Other objectives I would add to my test with more questions that align to them are: summarizing
translation, contrast gene mutations and chromosomal mutations, understanding mutations, and
identifying the genetic code
DNA AND RNA EXAM KEY:
Name: ______________________
Period: ______
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
a. RNA
b. DNA.
c. proteins.
d. carbohydrates.
____
2. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b. ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
____
3. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. floats freely in the cytoplasm.
c. is located in the ribosomes.
d. is circular.
____
____
Figure 12–1
4. Figure 12–1 shows the structure of a(an)
a. DNA molecule.
b. amino acid.
c. RNA molecule.
d. protein.
5. A linear stretch of DNA that specifies the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide is called a
a.
b.
c.
d.
codon.
enzyme.
gene.
protein.
____ 6. During mitosis, the
a. DNA molecules unwind.
b. histones and DNA molecules separate.
c. DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d. nucleosomes become more tightly packed.
____ 7. Which of the following include all the others?
a. DNA molecules
b. histones
c. chromosomes
d. nucleosomes
____ 8. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a. adenine.
b. uracil.
c. phosphate groups.
d. thymine.
____ 9. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
____ 10. Genes contain instructions for assembling
a. purines.
b. nucleosomes.
c. proteins.
d. pyrimidines.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase
to make the sentence or statement true.
___F_ 11. The replication of a DNA molecule results in four copies of the same gene.
__Two_______________________
__T__ 12. The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is transcription. ____________________
_F___13. In eukaryotes, DNA replication proceeds in one direction along the DNA molecule.___two directions___
_F____14. Genes determine a person’s eye color by coding for nitrogenous bases that affect eye color. _proteins__
_T____15. DNA codes for DNA polymerase. ______
Fill in the Blank
Complete each sentence or statement.
16. The structure labeled X in Figure 12–1 is a(an) _nucleotide__.
17. The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) _double helix__, in which two strands are wound around
each other.
18. Chromatin contains proteins called __histones__.
Matching.
Match each of the following words with the correct statements.
19. Carries amino acids to ribosomes, where amino
acids are linked into the primary structure of a
polypeptide.
20. When a gene transcription occurs, the following is
produced.
A. mRNA- 20
B. rRNA- 21
C. tRNA- 19
21. This is the cell’s essential protein factory.
Essay Portion
From the following questions, pick one and answer them in a paragraph format.
22.
A. Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment. Why were the results important?
Hershey and Chase grew bacteriophages in cultures containing two radioactive isotopes.
One became incorporated into the bacteriophage’s DNA, because DNA contains
phosphorus. The other one became incorporated into the bacteriophage’s protein coat,
because proteins contain sulfur. After the bacteriophages were allowed to infect bacteria,
Hershey and Chase found that nearly all the radioactivity in the bacteria was from 32P. This
indicated that the bacteriophage’s DNA was injected into the bacteria. The results were
important because they showed that the bacteriophage’s genetic material was DNA, not
protein.
B. Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
A DNA molecule has the shape of a double helix, or that of a twisted ladder. Each strand of
the helix is a chain of nucleotides. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds
between the nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides on opposite strands. The nitrogenous bases
form hydrogen bonds with one another in pairs. Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with
thymine, and guanine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
C. How does transcription differ from DNA replication? Describe at least four differences.
RNA polymerase is involved in transcription, whereas DNA polymerase is involved in DNA
replication. During transcription, free nucleotides base pair with the nucleotides on only
one strand of a DNA molecule, not both strands as in DNA replication. In transcription, the
free nucleotides are RNA nucleotides, not DNA nucleotides. Transcription continues until a
stop signal is reached on the DNA strand. DNA replication continues until the entire
chromosome is replicated. At the end of transcription, one single-stranded RNA molecule is
formed, not two double-stranded DNA molecules. The newly formed RNA molecule leaves
the nucleus, whereas the newly formed DNA molecules stay in the nucleus.