Khensani Heritage Consulting
VAT NO: 45 70 23 53 68
_____________________________________________________________
662 NDABA DRIVE, PROTEA NORTH, 1818, SOWETO, GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA
Tel: +27 11 980 8888, Fax: +27 11 980 8888 Fax to e-mail 0880 11 980
8888, Mobile +27 84 580 7947, E-mail Khensani@khensani.net
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HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ARRIVAL SQUARE
AT CORNER NIND/BEIT STREETS AND
CONSTRUCTION OF A SKYBRIDGE ACROSS BEIT
STREET, UNIVERISTY OF JOHANNESBURG
DOORNFONTEIN CAMPUS
DRAFT - NOVEMBER 2011
Reg.: 2007/034132/23
Managing Member: Khensani Maluleke
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TERMS OF REFERENCE
3. HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
3.1. Activity schedule
3.2. Limitations
4. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
4.1. The Greater Ellis Park Education Precinct concept
4.2. Building types in the area
4.3. Profile of street vistas
4.4. Buildings flagged as deserving protection
4.5. Tentative policy guidelines for mitigation of impacts of
development
5. DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
6. STATUTORY APPLICATION
7. HISTORICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT AREA
7.1. History Report the John Orr Building, University of
Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus
7.1.1. Location and Architectural Description
7.1.2. The development of the Technikon Witwatersrand
7.1.3. Biography of Prof. John Orr
7.1.4. Statement of Heritage Significance of the John Orr
Building
7.2. History Report on the Civil Engineering Technology
Building, Formerly Apollo Cinema and Crystal Confectionery
and Confectionery
7.2.1. Location and Architectural Description
7.2.2. History
7.2.3. Statement of Heritage Significance of
Apollo Cinema and
Crystal Confectionery
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7.3. The Perskor Building
8.
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
9.1. Impact assessment Overview
9.1.2. Land ownership
9.2. Identification, mapping and assessment of the significance
of the affected heritage resources
8.2.1. Directly affected resources
8.2.2. Indirectly affected resources
8.3. Assessment of the significance of such resources in terms
of the heritage assessment criteria set out in section 6(2)
or prescribed under section 7
8.4. Assessment of the impact of the development on the heritage
resources
8.4.1. Assessment of the direct impact of the proposed
development
8.4.2. Assessment of the indirect impact of the proposed new
development
8.5. Evaluation of the impact of the development on heritage
resources relative to the sustainable social and economic
benefits to be derived from the development
8.6. Results of consultation with communities affected by the
proposed development and other interested parties regarding
the impact of the development on heritage resources
8.6.1. Comments and Objections
8.7. If heritage resources will be adversely affected by the
proposed development, the consideration of alternatives
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8.8. Plans for mitigation of any adverse effects during and
after the completion of the proposed development.
8.8.1. Mitigation the potential loss of heritage significance
8.8.2. Mitigation of indirect impacts
8.8.3. Consideration of alternatives
9.
FINDINGS
10. CONCLUSIONS
ANNEXURES
Annexure I:
Memorandum from PHRA-G advising about need for
HIA
Annexure II:
Photo inventory of properties that will be
indirectly affected by the project
Annexure III:
Street elevations
Annexure IV:
Public Participation Process Questionnaire
Annexure V:
Basic Visual Impact Assessment
Annexure VI:
Notice to invite comments from interested and
affected parties
Annexure VII:
Letter from Johannesburg Road Agency advising
approval of the sky bridge design
Annexure VIII: Inventory of Historic Buildings in the area
Annexure IX:
Public Participation Registration Form
Annexure X:
Conservation Management Plan for the affected
area
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ABBREVIATIONS
HIA
Heritage Impact Assessment
NHRA
National Heritage Resources Act
PHRA-G
Provincial Heritage Resource Authority – Gauteng
PPP
Public Participation Process
UJ
University of Johannesburg
VIA
Visual Impact Assessment
WTI
Witwatersrand Technical Institute
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The heritage impact assessment report has been prepared in
accordance with the National Heritage Resource Act (No 25, 1999)
to provide a comprehensive audit of potential adverse impacts on
heritage resources of proposed developments on the University of
Johannesburg’s Doornfontein Campus.
The proposed site is
bordered by Nind and Height Streets in the east and west and
from Currey Street to the south to the John Orr Building to the
north of Beit Street. The Site development Plan proposes a sky
bridge and arrival square, which will turn Beit Street into the
frontispiece of UJ’s Doornfontein Campus.
Accordingly, the brief was as follows:
(i)
Carry out a Heritage Impact Assessment;
(ii)
Consult with interested and/or affected parties;
(iii)
Compile a Heritage Impact Assessment Report; and
(iv)
Prepare a Conservation Management Plan
It is recognized that the project brings with it many social and
economic benefits as part of much broader urban upgrade
programme for the eastern part of central Johannesburg.
The HIA brings into focus the heritage significance of the area.
It is the cradle of suburban and commercial Johannesburg
associated with the wealth Randlords who pioneered the mining
city. As the Randlords left for new upmarket suburbs to the
north of the city, the area was occupied mainly by Jewish
immigrants mostly from Eastern Europe. The new residents formed
a closely knit community bound by a religious faith. They
infused new cultural traits – synagogues, schools and family
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businesses that characterize the area and add a significant
layer to the area’s heritage.
The HIA takes into account the broad context of the Great Ellis
Park Development Heritage Management Framework (2005) and the
Education Precinct Plan, which is centred on the University of
Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus.
Assessment of potential impacts on other properties not owned by
UJ in the affected area and immediate surrounds awaits the
outcome the PPP which is currently underway.
Preliminary findings are that the following buildings on the
site of the proposed development have known heritage value:
(i)
John Orr Building complex. Although it is less than 60
years old, it is named in honour of a celebrated
scientist, educationist and civic leader, one of the
founders of the three premier universities in Gauteng.
(ii)
The Apollo Cinema It is one of the evidence of the
city’s vibrant entertainment and recreation industry
in the early decades of its founding.
(iii)
The Crystal Confectionery complex. It has been altered
considerably, but still represents the entrepreneurial
activities of the Jewish settlers.
Impacts are considered in terms of direct and indirect impacts
on heritage property. Physical alterations of structures have
direct potential adverse impacts on the built environment.
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Visual intrusion on streetscapes and other vistas have
necessitated a basic visual impact assessment (VIA) to evaluate
loss of aesthetic and architectural qualities and sense of
place. They are treated as indirect impacts.
Potential adverse
impacts are likely with respect to the proximity of other
buildings of heritage value to the sky bridge. The Apollo Cinema
(now part of the Civil Engineering Complex) will be partially
obscured by the sky bridge from viewpoints on Beit and Height
Streets. However the view of the building from the east on Beit
Street will remain unchanged. This will possibly provide
reasonable compensation for the partial loss of views from the
west.
The sky bridge will cause light obstruction on the Dance Palace
considering that the long glazing of the upper floor designed to
allow natural light will be on the same level as the sky bridge.
Demolition of the eastern portion of the Civil Engineering
Building (the Crystal Confectionery) to make way for an arrival
square and access road will interrupt the street rhythm of
massed building and pavements between streets by creating a kind
of void. The Crystal Confectionery is considered as degraded
from heritage standpoint as result of repeated alterations. It
nevertheless represents an important piece of commercial history
for the area.
Impacts on adjacent properties and the general character of the
area are likely to be of a visual nature. Erosion of aesthetic
value and sense of place are likely. Visual exposure of the sky
bridge from viewpoints to the west of Height and Beit Streets
will occur. The structure will also have same visual effect from
the Beit Street view corridor, which is a principal axis and
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existing views are typical of retail landscape. Change the
skyline from viewpoints on Beit Street (east-west axis) is also
expected.
The following is a schedule interventions which are proposed to
mitigate the negative effects outlined above.
Application of compatible external paints that blend with the
dominant whites and beiges will improve visual absorption
capacity and compensate for changes in the street views and
skyline along Beit, Height and Nind Streets.
The light obstruction caused by the sky bridge on the Dance
Palace’s upper floor can be reduced by the use of translucent or
mesh cladding material (material or design alternative) on the
sky bridge.
The void on the Beit street vistas created by the arrival square
can fit into the street rhythm through appropriate design of the
pavement and the facades around it (appropriate built form
interventions).
Memorialization: The University will erect a memorial plaque on
the site of the Crystal Confectionery.
The purpose of a PPP process is to sound the views of interested
and affected parties in accordance with Section 38 (3)(e)of
National Heritage Resources Act. The process gives interested
and affected parties to make critical appraisal of the Site
Development Plan and to understand interventions in mitigation
of potential negative impacts of the project.
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1. INTRODUCTION
In August 2011 the University of Johannesburg purchased the
Perskor Building which stands on 13 consolidated erven at the
corner of Height Street and Currey Street (Deed of Transfer
T13291/11). Subsequently a site development plan (SDP) has been
prepared in which physical alterations on Beit Street are
proposed to pave way for an arrival square which will serve as
the principal access to UJ’s Doornfontein Campus. In addition a
sky bridge is proposed running over the east pavement of Height
Street across Beit Street to provide a pedestrian link between
the John Orr Building and the newly acquired Perskor Building. A
sky bridge is preferred to a level crossing in order to allow
uninterrupted flow of motorized traffic along Beit Street (a
very busy east-west artery) and to eliminate the risk of traffic
related accidents.
2. TERMS OF REFERENCES
By a memorandum of 25 August 2011, the Provincial Heritage
Resources Authority-Gauteng (PHRA-G) motivated for a Heritage
Impact Assessment (HIA) in accordance with Section 38 of the
National Heritage Resources Act (No 25, 1999. This was in view
of the extent of the physical works and anticipated adverse
impacts on existing heritage resources. In addition a
Conservation Management Plan was prescribed to guarantee long
term and sustainable management of heritage resources in the
affected area. The University of Johannesburg (hereinafter the
Client), contracted a heritage specialist to perform the
following tasks:
(i)
Carry out a Heritage Impact Assessment;
(ii)
Consult with interested and affected parties;
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3.
(iii)
Compile a Heritage Impact Assessment Report; and
(iv)
Prepare a Conservation Management Plan.
HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
3.1. Activity Schedule
Section 38(3) a-g) of the National Heritage Resources Act (No.
25, 1999) sets out the parameters for an HIA process. The
following tasks were performed:
3.1.1. Liaison with the Client and architects. The Client
provided documentation including layout maps, tittle
deeds, and history books on the University of
Johannesburg.
3.1.2. Literature Survey. Desktop research was undertaken to
understand the historical development of the area and the
profile of some individual buildings). An urban upgrade
programme has been written, which features precinct
development plans based on isolated heritage themes
(Paine et al, 2005; and Albonico et al 2005). These
documents were an important component of the literature
study.
3.1.3. Fieldwork: Site visits were made to inspect the
buildings, inventory them, take photographs and provide a
general assessment of their condition. An integrated
territorial approach was used to understand how the
individual elements together formed street vistas and a
cultural landscape.
3.1.4. A public participation process (PPP) was carried out to
sound the views and sentiments of interested and affected
parties (I & APs). In September 2011 preliminary
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approaches to I & APs were made and fliers outlining the
project were handed out. A list of I & APs was drawn.
Consultation meetings are in progress.
3.2. Limitations of the study
We observe that the study by Paine et al (2005) which culminated
in the Greater Ellis Park Development Heritage Management
Framework is a useful guide to the heritage sensitivity of the
area. This is complemented by the Education Precinct Plan
prepared by Albonico et al (2005). Both documents urge a
holistic view to balance heritage conservation with urban
renewal and can form the basis of a master plan for sustainable
urban heritage management. However it is also noted that these
have not been adopted as official documents.
4.
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
4.1. The Greater Ellis Park Education Precinct concept
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Fig.1. Greater Ellis Park Education Precinct (Paine et al 2005)
The concept of an Education Precinct in the New Doornfontein
area centred on the University of Johannesburg and the
Johannesburg Central College crystallized in the middle of the
last decade (Paine et al 2005, Albonico et al 2005, Fig. 1). It
is part of a much broader urban renewal scheme to reverse
blighting in the eastern part of central Johannesburg.1
From its inception as the Rand Technikon in the late 1960s the
University of Johannesburg has been expanding its Doornfontein
Campus through spatial integration of acquired properties,
1
The Education precinct covers ca 40.5 ha bordered by Saratoga Avenue to the north, the railway edge to the
south, Sivewright Freeway to the east, and End Street to the west (Albonico et al 2005: 5).
13 | P a g e
repair and refurbishing of existing buildings, and adaptive reuse for its functions as an academic institution. This
notwithstanding, the preservation of the old pre-existing
buildings with heritage value has been prioritized. This is
considering that the area is the cradle of suburban and
commercial Johannesburg associated with the pioneer Randlords
who started the mining city. As the affluent Randlords relocated
to new suburbs to the north of the city, the area was occupied
by Jewish immigrants mostly from Eastern Europe. The new
residents were not only a closely knit community, they also
introduced a package of their own cultural attributes –
synagogues, schools and family businesses, which have added a
second significant cultural layer to the area’s heritage. This
new development altered New Doornfonteiin’s early Victorian
appearance into mixed-use zone of residential and commercial
buildings. There is intense public interest to retain the mixed
architectural character of Doornfontein and where possible the
“pioneering” ethos of the city’s founders.
In accordance with these sensibilities, it is one of the
principal aims of UJ development planning is to adapt and
incorporate existing buildings in their present form into the
fabric of the education precinct. In recent times, therefore,
only in exceptional circumstances has demolition been resorted
to. Heritage buildings have been retained on the north and
northeast sections of the Campus (Fig. 2).
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Fig. 2. Heritage Buildings identified within the UJ Doornfontein
Campus2
4.2. Building types in the area
Paine et al (2005) carried out a functional classification of
building types. Function usually determines architectural design
and has a bearing on the resultant cultural landscape. The
following functional types have been identified:
2

Educational Buildings;

Retail buildings;

Residential apartments;

Residential detached and semidetached houses; and
GAPP Architects & Urban Designers.
15 | P a g e

Religious buildings and sites.
4.3. Profile of street vistas
Streets are laid in a grid pattern. The area around the proposed
development has old retail buildings. They form a continuous
mass only broken by transverse streets. Street fronts are
characterized by shop verandas and walking pavements. Trees,
which include young replants, line the pavements on Nind, Currey
and Height Streets (Figs.3a-d).
Fig. 3a. Street elevation,
Nind St.
Fig. 3b. Street elevation,
Height St.
Fig. 3c. Street view, Currey
St.
Fig. 3d. Street elevation,
Beit St.
16 | P a g e
4.4. Buildings flagged as deserving protection
The Education Precinct Management Plan prepared by Paine et al
(2005) identified the following buildings were as deserving
priority for conservation:

Alhambra Theatre (Stands 57 and 58, corner Sivewright and
Beit).

Houses (stand 549, corner Siemert and Pearse).

Mitchell’s Building (Stand 18, 19, corner Siemert and
Beit).

Bettelheim House (Stands 170, 171, corner Davis and Beit).

‘Old’ Standard Bank (Stand 648, corner Beit and Nind).

Lion Synagogue (Stand 55, 113 Sivewright).

Anton von Wouw House and studio (Stand 56, 111 Sivewright).
The purpose of a priority list is, however, not to condemn the
rest of the buildings. A legal obligation remains to protect any
historic building in the area which is likely to be affected by
development. This is the reason why it is important to undertake
the heritage impact assessment exercises.
4.5. Tentative policy guidelines for mitigation of impacts of
development
Paine suggests a number of policy guidelines on the treatment of
heritage elements, which conform to the tenets of the Burra
Charter on Places of Cultural Significance (1979). The following
have relevant application to this impact assessment:

The existing street character should be retained.
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
Materials used in new developments generally should be
respectful of the immediate neighbouring buildings and the
context of the area. The existing or original fabric should
influence choice of material used for the upgrading of
existing buildings.

The range of architectural styles prevalent in the area makes
it possible to use a variety of door and window types of
differing materials. However, the context and neighbouring
buildings should guide new development.

Original low scale street boundary walls, fences and hedges
should be retained. If additional security is required this
should be achieved through the addition of palings to maintain
transparency and surveillance of the street.
5.
DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The proposed development is a design upgrade of the Beit Street
entrance and a southward extension of the University of
Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus. The directly affected area is
situated between the John Orr Building and Currey Street in the
north and south respectively, and between Nind and Height
Streets in the east and west respectively. The area is bisected
by Beit Street, which is a principal vehicular route running
from east to west. The key elements of the project are the
construction of a sky bridge across Beit Street to connect the
John Orr and Perskor Buildings and demolition of the Crystal
Confectionery (now part of the Civil Engineering Building) to
create an arrival square (Fig.4). Direct impacts are connected
with the physical works in particular on the Civil Engineering,
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John Orr, Perskor and Dance Palace Buildings. Indirect impacts
are anticipated, especially visual intrusion which is likely to
compromise aesthetic appeal and sense of place. The flow of
vehicular and pedestrian traffic is also likely to be affected.
Fig.4a. Drawings showing the position of proposed sky bridge.3
3
GAPP Architects & Urban Designers
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Fig.4b. Layout plan showing the position of the Arrival Square.4
6.
STAUTORY APPLICATION
Parts of Section 38 (1-3) of the National Heritage Resources Act
(on Heritage Resources Management) are cited below, which
provide specifications for a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA)
process which required in view of the scale of the project and
potential adverse impacts:
(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (7), (8) and (9), any
person who
intends to undertake a development categorized as—
(b) the construction of a bridge or similar structure exceeding 50 m
in length;
(c) any development or other activity which will change the character
of a site—
4
GAPP Architects & Urban Designers.
20 | P a g e
(i) exceeding 5 000 m2 in extent; or
The NHRA prescribes HIA task schedule:
Section 38(3)(a-g) The responsible heritage resources authority must
specify the information to be provided in a report required in terms
of subsection (2) (a): Provided that the following
must be included:
(a) The identification and mapping of all heritage resources in the
area affected;
(b) an assessment of the significance of such resources in terms of
the heritage assessment criteria set out in section 6(2) or prescribed
under section 7;
(c) an assessment of the impact of the development on such heritage
resources;
(d) an evaluation of the impact of the development on heritage
resources relative to the sustainable social and economic benefits to
be derived from the development;
(e) the results of consultation with communities affected by the
proposed development and other interested parties regarding the impact
of the development on heritage resources;
(f) if heritage resources will be adversely affected by the proposed
development, the consideration of alternatives; and
(g) plans for mitigation of any adverse effects during and after the
completion of the proposed development.
The structure of this HIA Report follows the above task
parameters as in Sections 7, 8 and 9.
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7.
HISTORICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT AREA
7.1. HISTORY REPORT OF THE JOHN ORR BUILIDING, UNIVERSITY OF
JOHANNESBURG DOORNFONTEIN CAMPUS
Fig.5a-b. John Orr Building: (a) view from Pearse St, (b) with
Civil Engineering in the foreground (c) with Standard Bank
Building in the foreground.
7.1.1. Location and Architectural Description
This massive seven storey block building was completed in 1983
and commissioned in 1986 (Figs.5a-b). This precludes application
of the 60 year rule (Section 34 of NHRA). It is situated in
proximity to and parallel to Beit Street on the north side. It
was laid over and across what used to be the northern sections
of Pearse, Nind, Height and Buxton Streets, which ceased to
exist with the new construction. John Orr is the largest single
building on the UJ Doornfontein Campus. Its heritage value
derives from the name and, through it, association with the
remarkable biography of Professor John Orr “the founder [of the
Transvaal Technical Institute from which the Universities of
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Johannesburg Witwatersrand and Pretoria evolved], who could
justly be regarded as the father of technical education on the
Witwatersrand, and in fact, throughout South Africa” (Lurie
2000: 147).
7.1.2. The development of the Technikon Witwatersrand
It is remarkable that all three premier institutions of higher
learning in Gauteng Province, the Universities of Johannesburg,
Witwatersrand and Pretoria, crystallized out of a single
training institution, the Transvaal Technical Institute. It was
therefore a fitting tribute to name one of the buildings at UJ
after Prof. John Orr, one of the founders of the Transvaal
Technical Institute. The establishment of the institute was a
response to growing demand for mining engineering skills on the
Rand. Its cradle was an improvised wood and tin complex
constructed in 1903 on Plein Square on Rissik St, which was
nicknamed the Tin Temple, but which lasted for three
decades(Lurie 2000: 10).
New buildings were constructed on Eloff Street in 1909 and for
six decades this was the headquarters and main campus of the
institute, which was later called the Witwatersrand Technical
Institute (WTI) (Lurie 2003:10 -12). The WTI had emerged out of
the University of the Witwatersrand in 1925 as a brainchild of
Professor John Orr, who as its Director, singlehandedly steered
it through the formative years until 1945 when he retired at a
remarkable age of 75.
In 1967 the Witwatersrand College of Advanced Technical
Education was established by an Act of Parliament as an upgrade
of WTI. At the time there was an urge to find additional space
23 | P a g e
to relieve the Eloff Street Campus as enrolment and the
functions of the institute had expanded considerably over the
decades. The Director SCM Naudé motivated for the establishment
of a new campus (Lurie 2000: 110).
In 1966 a proposal was therefore submitted to government to
acquire blighted properties in New Doornfontein, which received
support from the Department of Education. The Department of
Education brokered the purchases to avoid the free play of
market forces, which would have pushed property prices up. The
properties were thus expropriated in 1968 and owners
compensated. The initial acquisition comprised 73 houses, 26
semi-detached households, 8 blocks of flats, 20 shops and 23
vacant stands.
The new director of the college, CAJ Bornman (1971 – 1984),
rolled out a building programme which culminated in the
construction of the block building which was named John Orr. It
was originally designed to house the Engineering Department
(Lurie 2000: 144). Now it is a multipurpose complex.
Construction started in 1982 and the building was completed in
1983. This has been the largest single development project on
the Doornfontein campus to date (Lurie 2000: 146-7).
The
building was commissioned in 1986 and the naming ceremony was
held in 1992.
In that short span, one of the key milestones was the first
sitting of the first multiracial council of the Technikon
Witwatersrand in 1995 (Keet, pers. com. 2011).
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7.1.3. Biography of Prof. John Orr
John Orr was born in Scotland in 1870 and graduated at Glasgow
University with mechanical and electrical engineering. He
immigrated to South Africa in 1895 and started off at the South
African College in Cape Town and moved to the School of Mines in
Kimberley in 1896 where he was appointed Professor of Mining and
Electrical Engineering in 1898 at age 28. This move launched his
career in mining engineering training. During the Anglo-Boer war
he was commissioned lieutenant and redeployed the mining
workshops to support the British war effort. The workshops made
the artillery piece “Long Cecil” which matched the Boers’ “Long
Tom”. He was awarded the Queens medal with bar for his
contribution to the war.
After the war he moved to the Rand where the Transvaal Technical
Institute was launched in 1903. Later this became the Transvaal
University College, University College Johannesburg and then the
University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in 1922, at which time it
moved to its present location in Milner Park. John Orr set up
the Mechanical Engineering Department at Wits and became De
Beers Professor of Mechanical Engineering, the first such an
appointment in South Africa (Lurie 2000: 59).
Although he was
accused by his contemporaries of being somewhat overbearing and
dictatorial, he played a very important role in the early
development of the WTI and technical education in SA in general.
In 1925 he left his post at Wits and was appointed first
Director of the Witwatersrand Technical Institute (WTI) and
elected the first President of the Council.
Later in the year
he relinquished the presidency to George Nelson, but continued
to be Director of the Institute until 1945 when he retired at
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age 75. During his term of office he founded 14 more branches of
the College realizing the importance of engineering skills
training in the various mining sites in the Transvaal. This is
testimony of his organizing ability and tremendous energy. In
1936 he was conferred Doctor of Laws by the University if the
Witwatersrand and 1937 he was elected President of the
Associated Scientific and Technical Societies. He also received
King George V Silver Jubilee in 1935.
During this eventful life, John Orr was a member sat in many
committees and boards of technical, scientific and social
organizations (Lurie 2000: 67). It is stated in his brief
biography that he was a freemason (the secretive hegemonic
society) in which he belonged to various orders (Lurie 2000: 632).
John Orr died in 1954. John Orr Technical High School in Milner
Park and John Orr Hall in the Eloff Street campus building of
the Transvaal University College are other posthumous honours in
his memory.
7.1.4. Statement of Significance for the John Orr Building
The building complex takes its name from Prof. John Orr and
becomes the personification of this famous academic, scientist
and civic leader who was instrumental in the birth of all three
premier academic institutions in Gauteng, the Universities of
Johannesburg, Witwatersrand and Pretoria.
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7.2. HISTORY REPORT ON THE CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING, FORMERLY APOLLO CINEMA AND CRYSTAL BAKERY AND
CONFECTIONERY
Fig.6. Apollo Cinema, view from corner Height/Beit Streets
Fig.7. Crystal Confectionery, view from corner Beit/Nind Streets
27 | P a g e
7.2.1. Location and Architectural Description
This property, now part of the University of Johannesburg
Doornfontein Campus, is situated on six combined erven on the
north side of Beit Street, bounded by Height Street and Nind
Street to the west and east respectively (Figs.6-7). The
northern limits is a thoroughfare between it and a multi-storey
building forming the central area of the Doornfontein Campus,
The erven in question are 444, 445, 446, 478, 479, and 480. From
a functional perspective, it is important to make a distinction
between a western part comprising Erven 444, 445 and 446 at the
corner of Beit Street and Height Street where the Art Deco Style
old Apollo Cinema is situated, and the eastern part on erven
478, 479 and 480 at the corner of Beit and Nind Street where the
Edwardian style old Crystal Confectionery stands.
Martinson et al (2005) describe the old cinema building as a
“Double storey parapetted façade concealing low pitched sheet
metal roof.
Façades are articulated with plaster detailing,
forming vertical elements with fenestration.
cantilevered canopy.
brackets.
Projecting
Prominent paired flag poles with plastered
New over-scaled portal framed industrial shed set on
top of existing building”.
Martinson et al (2005) also describe the eastern complex (what
was formerly the confectionery as
“Single storey parapetted construction with the remains of
plaster cornice and string course. Plain pilasters mark original
shop fronts, now removed.”
28 | P a g e
“Planning of internal spaces altered to give access from the
north.
removed.
Doors and fenestration on Beit Street have been largely
Over-scaled shed added to roof.”
7.2.2. History
The double volume building situated on the western end of the
property (Corner Beit Street and Height Street) was the old
Apollo Cinema, the most prominent structural feature on the
property, which occupied erven 444 and 445. The building
originally belonged to Messrs Crystal Confectionery Pty Ltd and
was completed in 1939. Work on the building could have started
as early as 1935 as indicated by date stamps of the City
Council’s building inspectorate.
Crystal Confectionery was a food business owned by Mr Morris
Zwi. Mr Zwi immigrated to South Africa from Lithuania in 1930
and started a food business on the south side of Beit Street. He
produced sweets and biscuits and delivered them to black
residential areas using a hired horse and cart. Mr Zwi bought
the property on the north side of Beit Street in 1934 and moved
there to expand the bakery and confectionery business.
However, the cinema hall appears to have been designed for that
purpose from the beginning as can be seen from the plans. There
were two floors, double volume space and an auditorium on the
ground floor. The cinema was operating from the time when the
building was completed in 1939.
The cinema, therefore, appears to have been a side-to Mr Zwi’s
principal business the bakery and confectionery, which combined
production and retail. The venture became so successful that by
29 | P a g e
1956 it had spawned outlets in Carletonville, Vereeniging, Nigel
and Pretoria. This was in addition to several stores which he
opened in Johannesburg, in Highlands North, Hillbrow and
Rosebank. In addition to these, there were three more food
stores in the central business district of Johannesburg. Crystal
Confectionery became one of the largest food businesses in South
Africa.
Records show that by 1954 the cinema was known as Apollo Cinema.
The cinema building was designed by architect Israel Wayburne (6
Mar 1905 - Aug 1983). He was born in Russia and moved to South
Africa in 1910. He probably studied architecture at the
University of the Witwatersrand. He became a member of the
Institute of South African Architects.
In 1931 he joined the African Consolidated Investment Co Ltd as
an architect in their construction department. Between 1933
until 1936 he had several blocks of flats to his name in central
Johannesburg. After 1944 he went into partnership with C
Wayburne.
The Crystal Bakery and Confectionery were located on the eastern
side of the same property i.e. towards the corner of Beit Street
and Nind Street. The designer of the buildings is unknown
(presumably it was Mr Israel Wayburne)
According to Martinson et al, substantial additions were made to
the north with the use of matching mouldings.
Front façade on
north as well as splayed corner are pedimented. Various
additions and alterations have been made; most of the later
structures have been removed.
30 | P a g e
The Witwatersrand Technikon, the precursor of the University of
Johannesburg, acquired these properties in 1981 to house the
Department of Civil Engineering Technology. Since then the
properties have functioned as one entity and the interior spaces
have been modified to accommodate teaching requirements (see
current layout plans).
7.2.3. Statements of Significance for the Apollo Cinema and
Crystal Confectionery
Apollo Cinema forms part of a valuable group of buildings in the
area, including the Standard Bank Building characterizing
Johannesburg in the period before WWII.
Together with the Alhambra Theatre, (on Beit Street as well to
the east), it is one of the extant evidence of the city’s quest
for entertainment and recreation. This is the only extant cinema
building in the area. Its significance is in part due to the
fact that it was designed by the prominent architect Israel
Wayburne. The building forms part of the streetscape of Beit
Street an axis of tremendous commercial activity particularly in
the period before WWII.
Designed by the prominent architect Israel Wayburne, and dating
from 1939, it stands as a physical reminder of a once vibrant
night life in Doornfontein.
The building forms an integral part
of the historic development of prominent buildings in Beit
Street. Its distinctive style and prominence on Beit Street make
the building very significant.
The fact that the Deco detailing
is still largely intact adds to its value.
The building
contributes to the fine grain of Beit Street and must be
considered an important heritage resource.
31 | P a g e
The Crystal Bakery is of Edwardian style is in architectural
fashion of the time. As a commercial building it symbolises the
entrepreneurial spirit of the immigrant Jewish communities in
Johannesburg. But it has been extensively altered to the extent
where its architectural integrity and original fabric has been
severely affected. Its historical association with the Crystal
Confectionery means that the building must be considered on
historical merit.
7.3. THE PERSKOR BUILDING
Fig. 8a-b. Perskor Building, view from Nind and Height Streets
respectively
The University of Johannesburg acquired the above property in
August 2011 through a purchase from Curriehigh Properties cc
(Deed of Transfer T13291/2011). Apparently Curriehigh Properties
32 | P a g e
cc had owned the property since 2002 as per Title Deed –
T82553/2002. The seven storey building was constructed in the
1960s on 13 consolidated erven (432-437, 466-471 and 647)
(Fig.8a-b). At the present time there is no further information
available about the buildings or the properties that stood there
up to the 1960s.
8.
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
8.1. Impact Assessment Overview
8.1.1. The development proposal must be considered in the
context of the Great Ellis Park Development Heritage
Management Framework (2005). The Education Precinct,
which is centred on the University of Johannesburg
Doornfontein Campus, is an important subcomponent of the
Greater Ellis Park Development from the perspective of
both urban renewal and the need to conserve heritage
(Paine et al 2005).
8.1.2. Land ownership
There are 17 individual erven within the directly affected area
bordered by Beit, Nind, Currey and Height. Thirteen (13) of
these properties, on which the Perskor building is located,
belong to the University of Johannesburg constituting
approximately 75% of the surface area. This makes UJ a principal
interested and affected party. The remaining four erven on which
the Dance Palace is situated are owned by Mr. Ross Moodley. The
properties on the north side of Beit Street are all owned by the
University of Johannesburg.
33 | P a g e
8.2.
(a)
Identification and mapping of all heritage resources
in the area affected
8.2.1. Directly affected Heritage Resources
The following buildings in the area directly affected by the
development have been identified as having heritage value:
(i)
The Apollo Cinema (see History Report).
(ii)
The Crystal Confectionery complex History (See
Report).
(iii)
The John Orr Building.
8.2.2. Indirectly Affected Heritage Resources
Assessment of potential impacts on properties other than those
owned by UJ and in the immediate surrounds has to await the
outcome the PPP.
8.3. (b) Assessment of the significance of such resources in
terms of the heritage assessment criteria set out in
section 6(2) or prescribed under section 7
(iv)
John Orr Building complex is a relatively new
educational building less than 60 years old. It is
named after the celebrated scientist, educationist and
civic leader, one of the founders of the three premier
universities of Johannesburg, Witwatersrand and
Pretoria. It therefore carries heritage value as a
memorial building.
(v)
The Apollo Cinema building will be retained. It forms
part of a valuable group of buildings in the area,
including the Old Standard Bank Building
34 | P a g e
characterizing Johannesburg in the period before and
after WWII. Together with the Alhambra Theatre, also
situated on Beit Street, it is one of the extant
evidence of the city’s quest for entertainment and
recreation from the early decades of its founding. It
is also significant as one of the creative designs by
the prominent architect Israel Wayburne. The building
forms part of the streetscape of Beit Street an axis
of tremendous commercial activity particularly in the
period before WWII.
(vi)
The Crystal Confectionery complex was originally a
commercial building which symbolises the enterprising
spirit of the immigrant Jewish communities in
Johannesburg. It has unfortunately been substantially
altered over time to the extent that Paine et al
(2005) have condemned the buildings as not being
worthy of retaining in the proposed education precinct
development scheme.
(vii)
Perskor Building complex was built in the 1960s. The
60 year rule does not apply. It used to be a printing
house for Naspers Group
(viii) The Dance Palace. At the present time no information
is available regarding its occupation history. A
search was conducted at the City of Johannesburg
Planning Department. The owner of the property was
also consulted and a response is yet to be received.
35 | P a g e
8.4. (c) Assessment of the impact of the development on the
heritage resources
Impacts have been assessed in terms of direct and indirect
impacts on heritage property. Proposed alterations of the
structures have been examined as potential direct adverse
impacts on the built environment. A territorial approach is used
to assess impacts on streetscapes and other vistas. There are
potential adverse visual impacts which may result in loss of
aesthetic qualities and sense of place. These have necessitated
a basic visual impact assessment (VIA).
8.4.1. Direct Impacts
(i)
The proposed pedestrian sky bridge will connect the
multi-storey John Orr and Perskor Buildings on the
north and south side of Beit Street respectively. It
will be aligned over the eastern pavement of Height
Street. Direct physical impacts are on the two multistorey buildings which will be joined by the sky
bridge, as well as the Dance Palace situated between
Beit and Perskor to which the sky bridge will run
parallel and close.
It is noted that the John Orr Building is a historic
building by reason of its name, and therefore deserves
protection. However barring a change of name, the
connection to a sky bridge and the contingent
modifications in themselves do not affect the values
for which it is recognized as a historic building.
36 | P a g e
(ii)
Potential adverse impacts are likely with respect to
the proximity of other buildings of heritage value to
the sky bridge. In this regard it is noted that the
Old Apollo Cinema will be partially obscured by the
raised walkway from viewpoints on Beit and Height
Streets. However the view of the building from the
east on Beit Street will remain unchanged. This will
possibly provide reasonable compensation for the
partial loss of views from the west.
(iii)
The Dance Palace does not belong to UJ and its
location between the Beit Street and Perskor presents
some design challenges for the sky bridge. The
application of translucent cladding material or mesh
has been considered to allow light into the second
floor of the Dance Palace.
(iv)
UJ is proposing to demolish the eastern portion of the
Civil Engineering Building (the Crystal Confectionery)
to make way for
an arrival square to facilitate
vehicular flow out of and into Beit Street. The
existing building complex adjoins Apollo Cinema on the
east side. Although the Crystal Confectionery is an
important piece of the commercial history for the
area, it has been observed by heritage experts that
the building is substantially degraded through
extensive alterations and is far from the original
design in its external and internal forms. Paine et al
(2005) ruled that it was not worth keeping it: “[This
building is not] worth conserving … might as well
build a more modern building to fit in with new
surroundings.” It is proposed that the university
37 | P a g e
erects a commemorative plaque on the site of the
Crystal Confectionery.
(v)
The introduction of an arrival square breaks the
rhythm of massed retail buildings and pavement between
streets.
(vi)
Visual Impacts
Visual exposure has been assessed according to visual impact
assessment criteria outlined in Annexure v. Using a ranking
system it has been shown that visual exposure is high within a
distance of 50m and after which it recedes with increasing
distance.
8.4.2. Indirect Impacts
Impacts on adjacent properties and the general character of the
area are likely to be of a visual nature. This is likely to
affect aesthetic value and sense of place. Both quantitative and
qualitative assessment criteria have been used to measure visual
impacts on sense of place. Since we are dealing with a built
environment the receiving area may be described in terms a
cultural landscape, streetscapes or skylines. Viewpoints and
view corridors were selected to measure impacts.
(i)
Adverse impacts (visual exposure) from viewpoints to
the west of Height and Beit Street where the Apollo
Cinema will be partially obscured by the sky bridge
have already been considered. The same effect is
expected on the Beit Street view corridor, which is a
principal axis which gives character to the place as a
retail corridor. The sky bridge will change the
38 | P a g e
skyline from viewpoints on Beit Street (east-west
axis). However visual exposure recedes with increasing
distance, especially beyond 50m, due to partial or
complete obstruction by buildings or trees (Annexure
V). The view of Apollo Cinema from positions on Beit
Street to the east will remain significantly
unchanged, which may provide compensation for loss of
views in the west.
(ii)
Visual Impacts
The sky bridge as a suspension structure will resonate with the
arch supporting the roof of the Ellis Park Stadium to the east
(Fig.6. of Annexure V). According to visual impact assessment
criteria, visual exposure generally recedes with increasing
distance, especially beyond 50m, due to partial or complete
obstruction by buildings or trees.
8.5. (d) Evaluation of the impact of the development on heritage
resources relative to the sustainable social and economic
benefits to be derived from the development
The development of the UJ Doornfontein Campus is a critical
component of the urban upgrade of the eastern parts of central
Johannesburg. At the present time the area is emerging from a
slumber. The development of the area for academic and sporting
functions (mixed use zone) holds the promise for the continued
revitalization of the area.
The Arrival Square will facilitate vehicular flow and ease
congestion on Beit Street. Increased volumes of traffic will
have a positive knock-on effect on the retail business. The
39 | P a g e
converse is less likely to happen, that decongestion might
attract increasing volumes of traffic into and out of the
university from Beit Street.
A general improvement of this blighted area is likely to result
in other social benefits such as a reduction in levels of crime
and vagrancy. Vagrancy, alcohol and drug abuse are some of the
social ills observed by Albonico et al 2005: 17. Our recent
observation is that these and other nefarious activities are
rife in the neighbourhood of Currey Street and the railway line.
On the good side it is noted that MacDonald has opened and
outlet between Siemert, Currey and Nind, and construction is
underway to expand MTN signal centre on Height Street. The three
projects together will raise the critical mass to reverse the
present urban degradation.
8.6. (e) Results of consultation with communities affected by
the proposed development and other interested parties
regarding the impact of the development on heritage
resources
8.6.1. Preliminary consultations
Contacts with Interested and Affected Parties have been made.
The target is primarily property owners and tenants in and
around the development area. At this juncture, for purposes of
the impact assessment, they have been divided into directly
affected parties and indirectly affected parties. Directly
affected parties are those with properties located in the site
of the proposed development, or tenants. The Dance Palace will
certainly receive direct impacts. Indirectly affected parties
are owners with properties around the development area, or
40 | P a g e
tenants. These are properties along the east side of Nind
Street, south side of Currey St and west side of Height Street.
A weighted evaluation of potential influence of indirectly
affected stakeholders is based on the number of erven per owner.
This is assumed to be in direct proportion to the surface area
owned. Lionshare Properties owns the entire line of buildings to
the south of Beit from Siemert St in the east to Nind St in the
West (530,531,532,533,550,551,637), MTN South Africa is owner
four adjoin erven along Height St (396,397,398,632), while the
Old Standard Building comprise four adjoining erven between
Beit/Nind/Pearse Sts (519,536,648,649), while Macdonald owns
three consolidated erven between Siemert, 9th Street and Nind
(496,497,498).
ERF5 NO
648
637A
501
PHYS. ADDRESS
26-28 Nind St
42-44 Beit St
14 Nind St
431
Currey St
406, 407
39 Height St
637B
18-20 Nind St
497-498-499 8 Nind/3 9th St
443, 444,
476, 477
502-503
16 Nind St
396-398
27-29 Height
632
31 Height St
646, 403
33-35Height St
404, 405
37 Height Street
Yellow = Historic Buildings
5
NAME OF PROPERTY
Standard Bank Building
Goldenberg’s Building
Gross Vinegar Factory
REF
Paine
Paine
Paine
Residential house
Hotel Doornfontein
Goldenberg’s Building
MacDonald Café
Dance Palace
HERITAGE STATUS
Intact
Intact
Taxis Workshop. Partially
destroyed
Intact heaped roof
Vacant, blighted
Demolished
New food outlet
-
TelSteel
MTN Signal
MTN Signal Centre
Church
3rd Party Claim Centre
New workshop
Under construction
New building
Vacant stand
-
Paine
-
-
This table only lists properties facing Nind, Currey and Height Streets.
41 | P a g e
PROPERTY & ERF NOs
Standard Bank
(648/649) Nind/Beit
North
4 Pearse St,
551/553/637 Cnr
Nind /Beit South
NAME & POSITION
Fidelis Chomba
(Contractor)
CONTACT
073 100 0753,
fkchomba@yahoo2003.fr
Caroline Bizure
(Caretaker)
Lionshare
Properties
078 386 5558/ 011 402 8835
1 owner from Siemert to
carolinebizure@yahoo.com
Nind on Beit
011 402 1494/ 078 664 2814
cgotami@lionshareholdings.co.za
TelSteel 16 Nind
St/ 503
Raymond Lobel
083 703 2123/ 011 916 5901-3
colin@telsteel.co.za
No longer rents space in
Perskor
502
Owner away
(Taxis)
Christabel Yeko
(Manager)
Lewis Mtengwa
(Maint. Manager)
-
646/403
Mr. Venyl (Owner,
absent)
-
Doornfontein Hotel/
Ground floor
-
Workers could not give
information
Manager away, Sarah
acting
Construction underway on
396-7,
31 Height St is Signal
Centre
Tenant Pentecostal Church
from DRC, Caretaker could
not give contact details
Owner of dance palace an
406/407
vacant, tenants
MacDonald
497/498/499
MNET Signal Centre
396/397/398/632
Incl 31 height St
011 402 0061
083 200 5010
Mtengwa_L@mtn.co.za
011 912 3000 (H/0)
NOTES
1 owner all buildings
bet. Nind /Pearse/Beit
provide details
upper floor
Dance Palace/366
Ross Moodley
011 402 8018/9, 082 452 6543
Simi acting
thedancepalace@telkomsa.co.za
42 | P a g e
8.7. (f) if heritage resources will be adversely affected by the
proposed development, the consideration of alternatives
The three locational options proposed are:
Option 1: Central Sky bridge connection from the John Orr
building across the new arrival square defined between Nind St.
and Height St. to the Perskor Building.
Option 2: Sky bridge connection from the John Orr Building
across Beit Street to the Perskor Building along Height St.
Arrival centre in the position stated in Option 1. (This is the
preferred option).
Option 3: Pedestrian tunnel excavated under the intersection of
Height and Beit Streets. Arrival square in the same area –
Nind/Beit Streets.6
8.8. (g) Plans for mitigation of any adverse effects during and
after the completion of the proposed development.
(i)
Application of compatible external paints that blend
with the dominant whites and beiges will improve
visual absorption capacity and compensate for changes
in the street views and skyline along Beit, Height and
Nind Streets.
(ii)
The light obstruction caused by the sky bridge on the
Dance Palace’s upper floor can be reduced by the use
6
Locational options proposed in consultation with Mr. Simon Bird, Architect, GAPP Architects & Urban Designers.
43 | P a g e
of translucent polycarbonate or mesh cladding material
(material or design alternative) on the sky bridge.
(iii)
The break or void on the Beit street vistas created by
the introduction of the arrival square can be
integrated into the street rhythm through appropriate
design of the pavement and the facades around it
(appropriate built form interventions).
(iv)
Memorialization: The University will erect a memorial
plaque on the site of the Crystal Confectionery.
8.9. Summary of Impacts and Mitigations
8.9.1. Summary of Impacts on the Built Environment
NATURE OF IMPACT Impacts to the built environment which will result
in loss of context through visual impacts. 1
historic building directly affected by construction
of sky bridge. Another will be demolished.
WITHOUT MITIGATION
WITH MITIGATION
EXTENT (OF IMPACTS)
Localized
Localized
DURATION
Long term
Long term
MAGNITUDE
Medium
Low
PROBABILITY
High
Medium
SIGNIFICANCE
Medium
Low
STATUS
Negative
Negative
REVERSIBILITY
Not reversible
Not reversible
IRREPLACEABLE LOSS OF
1 demolition
1 demolition
RESOURCES
CAN IMPACTS BE MITIGATED
Yes
MITIGATION
Cladding of sky bridge using translucent material,
sympathetic pavement and recreation of facades around
arrival square. Memorial plaque for demolished
building
CUMMULATIVE IMPACTS Not likely since there are no development
projects planned in the foreseen future (see
Master Plan)
44 | P a g e
8.9.2. Summary of Impacts on the cultural landscape/
streetscapes/ vistas
NATURE OF IMPACTS
Visual intrusions into the streetscapes which
result in loss of integrity and compromise sense
of place
WITHOUT MITIGATION
WITH MITIGATION
EXTENT (OF IMPACTS)
Localized
Localized
DURATION
Long term
Long term
MAGNITUDE
Medium
Low
PROBABILITY
High
Low
SIGNIFICANCE
Medium
Low
STATUS
Negative
Negative
REVERSIBILITY
Not reversible
Not reversible
IRREPLACEABLE LOSS OF
High
Medium
RESOURCES
CAN IMPACTS BE MITIGATED Yes
MITIGATION
Sympathetic recreation of pavements and facades around
the arrival square.
CUMMULATIVE IMPACTS Not likely since there are no development
projects planned in the foreseen future (see
Master Plan)
9.
RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1. Application of translucent polycarbonate or mesh cladding
material to mitigate the effect of light obstruction to the
existing Dance Palace building.
9.2. The eastern portion of the civil engineering building,
which has been observed by heritage experts to be
substantially degraded through extensive alterations, may
be altered or demolished to make way for the arrival
square.
9.3. After demolitions, the retained building facades will be
sympathetically finished in relation to the details of the
existing external façades. Appropriate pavement material
will also be used.
45 | P a g e
9.4. The University will erect a memorial plaque in the green
square, the site of the Crystal Confectionery.
9.5. Preparing precinct management guidelines for long term
monitoring of impacts of development.
10. CONCLUSIONS
10.1.
The physical alterations on the John Orr Building to
connect a pedestrian bridge do not affect its heritage
value. This is considering that it is a historic building
only by association to its name. Similarly alterations on
the Perskor Building are not considered since the building
is less than 60 years old.
10.2.
The retention of the old Apollo Cinema and to
incorporate it into the design of its grand entrance to the
Doornfontein Campus is commendable, and demonstrates the
university’s commitment to the preservation and protection
of old historic buildings.
10.3.
Impacts on adjacent properties and the general
character of the area are likely to be of a visual nature.
Changes in street vistas can be compensated by the
application of colours that blend with the predominant
whites and beiges.
10.4.
The Arrival square will facilitate vehicular flow and
ease congestion on Beit Street. Increased volumes of
traffic will have a positive knock-on effect on the retail
business.
46 | P a g e
10.5.
The general facelift and economic improvement of
Doornfontein, an area which has suffered blighted over many
years, is likely to result in reduction in levels of crime
and vagrancy.
10.6.
Visual exposure which warrants mitigation is limited
to a radius of 50m from the site of the proposed sky bridge
and arrival square.
47 | P a g e
11. REFERENCES
Albonico, M, S. Sack, M. Mzumara. 2005. GEP Education Precinct
Draft Precinct Plan.
Beavon, K. 2004. Johannesburg: The Making and Shaping of the
City. Pretoria: The University of South Africa Press.
Gov. of Western Cape. 2005. Guidelines for Involving Visual and
Aesthetic Specialists in Environmental Impact Assessment
Processes.
Lurie, J. 2000. Technikon Witwatersrand: A History, 1925-2000.
Johannesburg: Technikon Witwatersrand
Lurie, J.
2005. Technikon Witwatersrand School of Mines and its
Alumni 1926-2002. Johannesburg:
Technikon Witwatersrand
Paine, H., M. Martinson, J. Bruwer, C. Bruwer & J. Manning.
2005. Heritage Resources Surveying Form. Apollo Cinema,
Catalogue No:
444, 445
Martinson, M; H. Paine; J. Bruwer; C. Bruwer; J. Manning. 2005.
Heritage Resources Surveying Form. Crystal Building, Catalogue
No:
478, 479.
Paine, H., O. Lange & Ikemeleng. 2005. Great Ellis Park
Development, Heritage Management Framework: Precinct 1:
Education Precinct
Acknowledgements
Mrs. Charmaine Keet, Property Management Services. University of
Johannesburg, 19 September 2011.
Mrs. Rima Fourie, Property Management Services. 19 September
2011.
Mr. Simon Bird, Architect, GAPP Architects and Urban Designers.
48 | P a g e