Periodicity Graphs
We are now going to make a graph to show the periodic trends of elements.
Graphs like these were essential to the development of the modern periodic table. We are
going to graph atomic radii vs. atomic number, and we are going to graph ionization
energy vs. atomic number and superimpose the graphs on top of each other. Atomic
number will be on the x-axis. When you have completed your graph label the 1st period
elements, 2nd period elements, 3rd period elements and 4th period elements. Then label
which are in s, p, and d orbitals.
In order to receive full credit all graphs need to include a title and labels. You
may graph this by hand if you wish. If you do you must use as much of the graph paper
as possible. Your x-axis will be atomic number. Your left y-axis will be atomic radius,
and on the right side your y-axis will be ionization energy. To scale your graph
determine your highest value and divide by the number of lines. Always round up to a
reasonable number.
To graph using Excel 2013 follow the instructions below.
1. Open up Excel
2. Type the data—"Atomic Number" in cell A1 (top left hand corner) The data
you type appears in the active cell and formula bar.
3. To enter the data and move up and down from one cell to another press
"enter" on the keyboard or use the arrow keys.
4. In cells A2-A37, type in the atomic number values from your data table.
5. Move the mouse to Column B type "Atomic Radius (pm)".
6. Enter the data for atomic radius in cells B2-B37
7. Go to Column C type "Ionization Energy (kJ)".
8. Enter the data for ionization energy in cells C2-C37.
9. Select the cells containing the data you want to graph or chart. In this case
select Column A, B, & C, rows 1-37. Note: To select the data by putting the
mouse on Column #1 press the left button and hold. Drag the mouse over to
Column C then down to Row 37.
10. Click on the Insert tab on the toolbar.
11. In Charts, Click on Scatter
12. Choose the Scatter with straight lines and markers option. A graph should
appear on your sheet.
13. There should be two lines on your graph. One representing ionization energy
and another representing atomic radius.
14. Right click on the graphed atomic radius data in your graph. Click on format
data series.
15. Check the box secondary axis. This will change the position of the atomic
radius graph so it is using a different axis than the ionization energy graph.
16. Right click on the graph, and click on Move Chart. Click on New Sheet.
Click OK. Click on Quick Layout…Layout 1
17. Click Chart Title… Above the chart. Title your chart.
18. Click Add Chart Element…under Axis, uncheck secondary horizontal, under
Axis label, check Secondary Vertical.
19. Click on one data series. Left click on it after it is selected, click on Outline.
Click dashes to change the line style.
20. Click on the Axis Titles, make the primary horizontal axis Atomic Number,
make the primary vertical axis Ionization Energy (kJ), and the secondary
vertical axis Atomic Radius (pm)
21. Put your name on the graph. Print your graph to the high school science prep
room. Label the periods and orbitals (1s, 2s, 2p…) on your graph by hand.
Symbo
l
Atomic
Numbe
r
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1314
H
2.1
Atomi
c
Radius
(pm)
37
32
134
125
90
77
75
73
71
69
154
145
Symbo
l
Atomic
Numbe
r
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Symbo
l
Atomic
Numbe
r
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
2368
He
--
Ionization Energies and
Electronegativites
519 900
Li Be
1.0 1.5
Atomi
c
Radius
(pm)
130
118
110
102
99
97
196
174
144
132
122
118
498 736
Na Mg
0.9 1.2
799 1088 1401 1036
B
C
N
O
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
1682
F
4.0
2076
Ne
--
578 787 1063 1000
Al
Si
P
S
1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5
1256
Cl
3.0
1519
Ar
--
418 590 632 661 649 653 716 762 757 736
K Ca Sc
Ti
V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni
0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8
745
Cu
1.9
904 578 782 1013 942
Zn Ga Ge As Se
1.6 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4
1142
Br
2.8
1352
Kr
--
402 548 636 670 653 695 720 724 745 804
Rb Sr
Y
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2
728
Ag
1.9
866 557 707
Cd In Sn
1.7 1.7 1.8
833
Sb
1.9
870
Te
2.1
1008
I
2.5
1172
Xe
--
377 502 540 531 586 770 757 841 887 862
Cs Ba La
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2
887
Au
2.4
1008 590 716
Hg Tl Pb
1.9 1.8 1.8
770
Bi
1.9
820
Po
2.0
-At
2.2
1038
Rn
--
665 557 607 -- 540 548
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu
1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
594
Gd
1.1
649 657 -Tb Dy Ho
1.1 1.1 1.1
-Er
1.1
-Tm
1.1
598
Yb
1.1
481
Lu
1.2
-- -- 385 ---Th Pa U Np Pu Am
1.3 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3
-Cm
1.3
-Bk
1.3
-Fm
1.3
-Md
1.3
-No
1.3
-Lr
--
-- 510 678
Fr Ra Ac
0.7 0.9 1.1
-Ku
--
1008 - Ionization
energy
C - symbol
2.5
- electronegativity
-Cf
1.3
-Es
1.3
Atomi
c
Radius
(pm)
139
125
126
118
117
120
120
122
122
117
114
110
IONIZATION ENERGY IS THE TOP NUMBER IN (kJ)