Supplemental Tables Table S1. Life table data for brook trout from West Brook. Demographic rates were empirically derived. These data were used as input for program AgeNe to determine the ratio of Nb to Ne. Age 1 2 3 4 5 Annual Survival (95% CI) 0.253 (0.236-0.271) 0.145 (0.135-0.156) 0.177 (0.156-0.199) 0.083 (0.044-0.137) 0.056 (0.005-0.208) Birth 0.97 29.86 120.38 240.53 314.46 Birth Lower Range 0.00 16.45 95.09 159.62 217.02 Birth Upper Range 1.92 41.91 157.53 362.47 455.65 Table S2. Demographic and environmental data for two brook trout populations (WB and FG). Both the year of a reproductive bout (breeding year) and the year of the subsequent spring-born cohort (cohort birth year) are shown. NG is the number of fish ̂𝑏 for each cohort was estimated with LDNE. 𝑁 ̂𝑌𝑂𝑌 is the estimated number of YOY sampled in the fall for a given genotyped. 𝑁 ̂𝐶 is the number of adults (age-1 and older) estimated from the fall previous to the listed spring-defined spring-defined cohort. 𝑁 ̂𝑏 / 𝑁 ̂𝐶 ratio is based on 𝑁 ̂𝑏 from time t and 𝑁 ̂𝐶 from time t - 1. Autumn flow is mean stream flow for the time window cohort. The 𝑁 1 October - 31 December of the year preceding the cohort (time t - 1). Winter flow is mean stream flow 1 January - 28 February of time t. Spring is the mean flow from 1 March - 31 May of time t. Flow is in cubic meters per second (cms). For years lacking probability of detection (p) estimates, we used average p across years and calculated a point estimate for abundance (either YOY or adult) only. For WB, only the mainstem was sampled in 2001 and therefore the connected tributaries (OS and OL) are not included in ̂𝑏 . the estimates of 𝑁 Cohort birth year (t) West Brook (WB) Breeding year (t-1) NG (t) 2000 2001 1094 2001 2002 789 2002 2003 909 2003 2004 816 2004 2005 590 ̂𝑏 (t) 𝑁 124.4 (110.4139.3) 94.6 (84.7105.3) 152.7 (131.2176.8) 108.6 (95.3123.2) 157.3 (139.6177.0) ̂𝑏 /𝑁 ̂𝐶 𝑁 Autumn flow (t - 1) Winter flow (t) Spring flow (t) ̂𝑌𝑂𝑌 (t) 𝑁 ̂𝐶 (t-1) 𝑁 Adult density -- -- -- -- 0.19 0.57 0.77 -- -- 0.52 0.04 0.25 0.31 1075.3 (618.13218.2) 0.23 0.11 0.24 0.54 0.73 0.10 0.15 0.75 0.44 0.64 0.06 0.33 0.34 0.54 0.73 751.4 (432.82268.4) 845.3 (751.9975.7) 1101.7 (1004.71234.5) 501.7 (458.9573.3) 704.3 (625.1818.7) 470.6 (432.0522.2) 2005 2006 432 2006 2007 288 2007 2008 513 2008 2009 746 52.8 (45.560.9) 141.2 (121.6164.5) 65.1 (55.875.5) 109.3 (95.5124.6) 342.2 (299.8399.0) 283.6 (244.4369.3) 614.0 (561.8702.8) 1132.2 (990.01371.0) 579.7 (526.7666.6) 352.8 (307.4413.3) 220.0 (193.6265.2) 208.0 (182.3257.1) 3854.8 0.09 0.09 0.92 0.44 0.37 0.05 0.40 0.39 0.68 0.96 0.04 0.29 0.07 0.81 0.90 0.03 0.52 0.50 0.44 0.50 439.9 -- 0.27 0.17 0.10 0.13 1167 (0-2548.1) 416 -- 0.29 0.10 0.13 0.06 973 (614.81332.0) 1438 (930.21944.9) 904 (588.61220.2) 889 (760.91016.3) -- -- -- -- -- 642 (566.9716.4) -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.13 0.02 0.07 0.11 -- 0.13 0.04 0.11 0.14 -- 0.10 0.06 0.13 0.18 Fridley Gap (FG) 116.6 (98.6136.9) 118.7 (87.8168.8) 2003 2004 899 2005 2006 96 2006 2007 -- -- 2007 2008 -- -- 2008 2009 69 2009 2010 99 2010 2011 211 82.5 (63.7110.6) 131.2 (95.0192.7) 101.6 (88.3117.1) 459 (188-1789) 496 (377-663) 612 (489.5734.6) 1028 (901.41154.3) 1004 (8821145)