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50 year old male smoker went for a C.T chest contrast for the suspected CA lung. After two days
he developed nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath and decreased urine output. On clinical
examination he has blood pressure 170/100 mmHg, pulse 120b/min, R/R 30 B/min, pedal
edema, raised JVP with bilateral crepatitation up to mid zone on chest examination. Lab showed
Urea is 300mg/dl, Creatinine 12mg/dl, Sodium is 139 mEq/l, Potassium is 5.8 mEq/l, Serum
chloride is 85 mEq/l, & Serum Bicarbonate is 06 mEq/l
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Learning Objective:
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At the end of the session students should be able to:
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1. Define chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
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2. Enlist major Causes of chronic Kidney Disease including glomerular, tubule-interstitial
nephritis, vascular, congenital, obstructive
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3. Define Stages of chronic Kidney Disease
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4. Elucidate clinical presentations (Symptoms & Signs) of chronic Kidney Disease
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5. Outline Investigations pertinent to the cause
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6. Enlist complications of chronic Kidney Disease
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7. Outline treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease and complications
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8. Decide when to Refer for dialysis and transplantation
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9. Counsel regarding the prognosis of CKD/ESRD