7A Keyword learning list: Tissues and transplants
Key word
adaptation
Sounds like
add app tay shun
Meaning
The changes in structure that make it better at
doing its job.
cell
sell
The smallest independent part of an organism.
The building blocks which living things are made
from.
cell membrane
sell mem bray nnn
The thin outer layer that holds the cell together
and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
cell wall
sell wall
Plant cells have a tough, rigid outer coat that
protects and supports the cell and its shape.
cytoplasm
site O plaz em
The jelly-like substance within cells where
chemical reactions take place.
focus
foe kuss
Bringing images that look blurry to the eye to the
point where details become clear and sharp.
magnification
mag niff ick ay shun How much bigger a microscope makes an image
appear.
microscope
my crow sko prr
An optical device that allows really tiny objects to
be magnified and become visible to the naked
eye.
nucleus
new clee us
The ‘control centre’ of the cell which also contains
the nuclear material or DNA of the cell. Plural:
nuclei.
organ
or gann
A large part of a plant or animal that carries out a
specific job for the organism. It is made from
different cellular tissues that work together.
tissue
tiss you
A large number of identical cells working together
to carry out a particular job for the organism.
vacuole
vack U ole
A bag-like structure found in plant cells. It is used
to store fluids like water.
chloroplast
klor O plarst
chlorophyll
klor O fill
neuron
new ron
root hair cell
Circulatory
system
Digestive
system
root hare sell
Sir q larity
sistem
Die jess tive
sistem
Green disc containing chlorophyll, found in plant
cells. This is where the plant makes food using
photosynthesis.
Green substance found inside chloroplasts. It
traps light energy from the Sun to power
photosynthesis.
a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve
impulses
A cell specialised to absorb water in plants
A system that circulates blood through the body,
consisting of the heart and blood vessels
A system responsible for the ingestion, digestion,
and absorption of food.
7E Keyword learning list: Acids and Alkalis
Key word
Sounds like
Meaning
aa sid
acid
An aqueous solution containing hydrogen ions
(H+). Acids have a sour or sharp taste, turn blue
litmus red and have a pH below 7.
alkali
ale ker lie
corrosive
core row siv
hazardous
haz ard uss
A substance or situation that could cause harm to
health, life or the environment.
hydrogen ion
hy drow jen I on
The positively charged particle of hydrogen. If
present it makes things acidic.
hydroxide ion
hy drox ide I on
The negatively charged particle of hydrogen and
oxygen. If present it makes thing alkaline.
irritant
ear rit ant
A substance that causes irritation to skin and
eyes.
neutral
new trull
A substance or solution that is neither acidic nor
alkaline. It has a pH of 7.
neutralisation
new trull I zay shun
A chemical reaction where an acid and alkali
react to form a neutral salt and water.
pH scale
P H sk ale
The scale used to measure the strength of acidity
or alkalinity of a substance. Numbers below 7 are
acids. Numbers above 7 are alkalis.
salts
sol t’s
Chemical compounds made when acids react
with alkalis.
universal
indicator
U nee ver sull
in dee kay tor
A mixture of indicators giving a different colour
depending on how weak or strong an acid or
alkali is.
Risk
assessment
Litmus paper
Risk as es meant
Assessment of the risks involved in a practical
investigation
a colouring material (obtained from lichens) that
turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline
solutions; used as a very rough acid-base
indicator
Lit mos paper
The chemical opposite of an acid. An aqueous
solution containing hydroxide ions (OH-). Alkalis
have a bitter taste, turn red litmus blue and have
a pH above 7.
Substances that attack and damage metals,
stonework and skin on contact.
7I Keyword learning list: : Energy and sustainable living
Key word
coal
Sounds like
kole
Meaning
A carbon based fossil fuel formed from ancient
trees buried millions of years ago. When it is
burnt it releases energy as heat and light.
conserved
con sur v‘d
Not used, lost or wasted.
energy
en ur G
The word used to describe what makes thing
work.
fossil fuel
foss ill few ell
fuel
few ell
Coal, oil and natural gas – all fuels formed from
the remains of dead plants and animals. They all
release energy when burnt. They take millions of
year to form and are classed as non-renewable.
Anything that stores energy that can be converted
into heat energy, e.g. fossil fuels, nuclear and
biofuels.
joule
jool
The unit for measuring energy. Symbol, J.
natural gas
nat chur al gass
Fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead
plants and animals that lived in the sea millions of
years ago.
non renewable
non ree new A bull
Any energy resource that will run out and we
cannot renew our supplies of it, e.g. oil.
oil
oy ull
Fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead
plants and animals that lived in the sea millions of
years ago.
renewable
ree new A bull
An energy source that will never run out or can be
regrown, e.g. solar power, wood.
transfer
trans fur
To move from one place to another. For example
when a fuel burns, energy stored in the fuel is
transferred to the thing being heated.
variable
vair E A bull
A factor which can change or be changed in an
experiment.
biomass
Bi O mass
hydroelectric
Hi dro e lek trick
Plant material, vegetation, or agricultural waste
used as a fuel or energy source.
Generating electricity by conversion of the energy
of running water.
geothermal
Ge O fer mal
solar cells
So lar sells
power is produced by pumping water into cracks
in the Earth's crust and then pumping the heated
water or steam back to the surface to drive
turbines
a cell that converts solar energy into electrical
energy
8A Keyword learning list: Food glorious food!
Key word
Sounds like
Meaning
ab zorp shun
absorption
When small, soluble molecules go through pores
in the membrane of the small intestine into the
blood.
by ul
bile
A bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown
fluid that is produced by the liver and stored in the
gall bladder to aid the digestion of fats and lipids.
car bow hy dray’t
carbohydrate
An organic compound that contains carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen and is the nutrient that is
used as the main source of energy.
die jess chun
digestion
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
into smaller soluble substances that can be
absorbed into the bloodstream.
fat
fat
A nutrient that is used as a high energy store. It
also helps to keep heat in our bodies and to
protect organs from physical shocks.
gall blad der
gall bladder
A small storage organ that sits below the liver and
aids fat digestion.
large intestine
lar dge in tess tyne
liver
liv er
mineral
min er al
Nutrients, elements or compounds, needed in
small quantities for good health, e.g. calcium.
oesophagus
ooo sof urg us
Tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach.
Also called the gullet or food pipe.
protein
pro teen
A nutrient that is used for growth and repair of
cells.
small intestine
sm all in tess tyne
starch
star chh
Organ where most digestion happens. The
soluble substances produced by digestion are
absorbed in the body here. Also called the ileum.
Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants.
stomach
stum ack
Organ containing strong acid that mixes food up
and digests proteins.
sugar
shug er
Type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an
example of a sugar.
enzyme
En zime
Biological catalyst to speed up biological
reactions
The second to last part of the digestive system
where water is removed from the indigestible food
matter.
Biggest internal organ that makes and destroys
many substances in the body.
vitamin
vit urm in
Nutrients needed in small quantities for health,
e.g. vitamin C.
Balanced diet
Bal ant sed die et
Circulatory
system
Sir q larity
sistem
A diet that consists of the right balance of the food
groups
A system that circulates blood through the body,
consisting of the heart and blood vessels
8E Keyword learning list: In the drink
Key word
Dissolve
filtering
Sounds like
Dis ol v
Fil ter ring
compound
com pow n’d
insoluble
soluble
Solute
In sole u ball
Sole u ball
Sole U t
solvent
Sole
molecule
mol E q’all
saturated
Sat you rated
chromatography
Krome A tog rap he
structure
struck chur
Meaning
Solute to pass into solution.
A porous material through which a liquid or gas is
passed in order to separate the fluid from
suspended particulate matter
A substance that can be split up into simpler
substances.
A chemical that cannot be dissolved
A chemical that can be dissolved
A substance that is dissolved in another
substance (a solvent), forming a solution
A substance in which another substance is
dissolved in, forming a solution.
Two or more atoms joined together.
a solution that is unable to dissolve more of a
solute.
A technique used to separate the components of
a chemical mixture by moving the mixture along a
stationary material
The shape and arrangement of particles or how
they are organised.
8I Keyword learning list: Heat Transfers
Key word
absorb
Sounds like
ab zorb
Meaning
When energy is ‘soaked up’ or ‘taken in’. If
something absorbs light it soaks it up and does
not let it back out.
Celcius
sell see us
A scale of temperature. Unit is ºC.
conduction
con duck shun
The way heat travels through solids.
convection
current
con vek shun
curr rent
A current created by heat causing changes in the
density of a fluid.
density
den sit E
The amount of mass that 1 cm3 of a substance
has. Measured in g/cm3.
emit
E mitt
To give out energy.
Infra Red
radiation
in frar red
ray D A shun
A ‘colour’ of light beyond red. We can feel this as
heat but we cannot see it. It can travel through
transparent things and a vacuum (space).
temperature
tem purr at chur
How hot something is, measured in ºC.
thermal
conductor
thur mal
con duck tor
Another word for a heat conductor.
thermal
expansion
thur mal
ex pan shun
How an object gets bigger as it gets hotter.
thermal
insulator
thur mal
in sue lay tor
A material that does not let heat energy flow
through it easily.
thermometer
thur mom eat er
A device for displaying how much heat energy a
substance contains.
joules
expand
contract
jewls
X pand
Kon tracked
The unit of energy or work done
To increase the size or volume
To decrease in size or volume