Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Appendix S2. Model selection for NLME (Table S2.1) and non-linear curve fitting on separate populations (site-years) (Table S2.2
Bird Island 1971; Table S2.3 Bird Island 1999; Table S2.4 Gull Island 2008; Table S2.5 Gull Island 2010; Table S2.6 all study
chicks identified as overshooting adult mass and then recessing – see Table 2 and manuscript for more details).
Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Table S2.1 Model selection table for best (AICc weights > 0.01) NLME models of pre-fledgling growth in common terns across all study sites
and years. Models are ranked by AICc and likelihood ratio (LR) test statistics are given in comparison to the most parsimonious model (Model
#1, bolded) for nested models with higher AICc but fewer parameters. Fixed effects for the different non-linear equation parameters included
in each model are reported: site (Bird Island and Gull Island), site-year (4-level factor for all site and year combinations in the study), clutch
(maximum clutch size), brood (brood size at hatching), hatch order (hatching order of chicks), date (hatch date relative to annual modal hatch
date for each site-year), chick (hatching order) and egg mass (mass of freshly-laid egg). 1 indicates intercept only for that equation parameter.
Fixed effects for the non-linear equation parameters
Model
rank
LR tests
A
K
I
Aꞌ
# params
AICc
ΔAICc
AICc weight
1
site-year + clutch + date + chick
1
egg mass
site-year
38
32281.6
0
0.4519
2
site-year + clutch + date + chick
1
site-year + egg mass
site
39
32282.5
0.9
0.2882
3
site-year + clutch + date + chick
1
egg mass
site
36
32283.8
2.2
0.1504
6.2
0.044
4
site-year + clutch + date + chick
1
egg mass
1
35
32286.0
4.4
0.0501
10.5
0.015
5
site-year + clutch + date
1
site-year + egg mass
site
36
32288.9
7.2
0.0123
G
p
Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Table S2.2. All model selection output for 71 common tern study chicks fledged from Bird Island in 1971. Output is from
pn.mod.compare()function of the FlexParamCurve package in R (Oswald et al. 2012). This routine determines the optimal trade-off
between the goodness-of-fit of a non-linear curve equation and the number of levels (individual chicks) that are successfully
parameterized by the equation in nlsList. Table is a list of a double-Richards curve and 15 possible reductions (identified by the
number following “R”), detailing the goodness of fit (root mean square error: RSE) and the number of individuals fitted and ranked by
penalized RSE (Oswald et al. 2012). See Oswald et al. (2012) Appendix S1, Table S1.1 or the entry for SSposnegRichards() in the
FlexParamCurve package help files (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FlexParamCurve/FlexParamCurve.pdf) for curve
equations represented by each model number.
Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Table S2.3. All model selection output for 137 common tern study chicks fledged from Bird Island in 1999. Output is from
pn.mod.compare()function of the FlexParamCurve package in R (Oswald et al. 2012). This routine determines the optimal trade-off
between the goodness-of-fit of a non-linear curve equation and the number of levels (individual chicks) that are successfully
parameterized by the equation in nlsList. Table is a list of a double-Richards curve and 15 possible reductions (identified by the
number following “R”), detailing the goodness of fit (root mean square error: RSE) and the number of individuals fitted and ranked by
penalized RSE (Oswald et al. 2012). See Oswald et al. (2012) Appendix S1, Table S1.1 or the entry for SSposnegRichards() in the
FlexParamCurve package help files (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FlexParamCurve/FlexParamCurve.pdf) for curve
equations represented by each model number.
Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Table S2.4. All model selection output for 55 common tern study chicks fledged from Gull Island in 2008. Output is from
pn.mod.compare()function of the FlexParamCurve package in R (Oswald et al. 2012). This routine determines the optimal trade-off
between the goodness-of-fit of a non-linear curve equation and the number of levels (individual chicks) that are successfully
parameterized by the equation in nlsList. Table is a list of a double-Richards curve and 15 possible reductions (identified by the
number following “R”), detailing the goodness of fit (root mean square error: RSE) and the number of individuals fitted and ranked by
penalized RSE (Oswald et al. 2012). See Oswald et al. (2012) Appendix S1, Table S1.1 or the entry for SSposnegRichards() in the
FlexParamCurve package help files (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/FlexParamCurve/FlexParamCurve.pdf) for curve
equations represented by each model number.
Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Table S2.5. All model selection output for 50 common tern study chicks fledged from Gull Island in 2010. Output is from
pn.mod.compare()function of the FlexParamCurve package in R (Oswald et al. 2012). This routine determines the optimal trade-off
between the goodness-of-fit of a non-linear curve equation and the number of levels (individual chicks) that are successfully
parameterized by the equation in nlsList. Table is a list of a double-Richards curve (with fixed shape parameter m) and 15 possible
reductions (identified by the number following “R”), detailing the goodness of fit (root mean square error: RSE) and the number of
individuals fitted and ranked by penalized RSE (Oswald et al. 2012). See Oswald et al. (2012) Appendix S1, Table S1.1 or the entry
for SSposnegRichards() in the FlexParamCurve package help files (http://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/FlexParamCurve/FlexParamCurve.pdf) for curve equations represented by each model number.
Arnold, J.M., Nisbet, I.C.T. and Oswald, S.A. 2015. Energetic constraint of non-monotonic
mass change during offspring growth: a general hypothesis and application of a new tool
Table S2.6. All model selection output for 98 common tern chicks in our study that both overshot adult mass and lost mass prior to
fledging to any extent. Output is from pn.mod.compare()function of the FlexParamCurve package in R (Oswald et al. 2012). This
routine determines the optimal trade-off between the goodness-of-fit of a non-linear curve equation and the number of levels
(individual chicks) that are successfully parameterized by the equation in nlsList. Table is a list of a double-Richards curve (with fixed
shape parameter m) and 15 possible reductions (identified by the number following “R”), detailing the goodness of fit (root mean
square error: RSE) and the number of individuals fitted and ranked by penalized RSE (Oswald et al. 2012). See Oswald et al. (2012)
Appendix S1, Table S1.1 or the entry for SSposnegRichards() in the FlexParamCurve package help files (http://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/FlexParamCurve/FlexParamCurve.pdf) for curve equations represented by each model number.