Unit 1 Ch. 1 The Geographer’s Toolbox pg. 12-27
1.
What theme of geography explains how people, ideas, and animals get from one place to another? movement
2.
What is absolute location? the exact point where a place is found
3.
The equator is… the center line of latitude on Earth
4.
Projections help cartographers… show Earth’s curved surface on a flat map
5.
What is an example of human-environment interaction? a dam used to store water
6.
What divides the Western Hemisphere from the Eastern Hemisphere? the prime meridian
7.
How do you describe an absolute location? (ex) 45 degrees North, 9 degrees
East
8.
How do cartographers show elevation? color
9.
What is a region? a group of places with common characteristics
10.
What is the purpose of a map legend? explain the meaning of symbols and colors on a map
11.
What map element shows the directions north, south, east, and west? compass rose
12.
What does a political map show? human-created features on Earth’s surface
13.
What do mapmakers use to show Earth’s curved surface on a flat page? map projections
Unit 1 Ch. 2 Physical & Human Geography pg. 34-67
14.
Where is the Ring of Fire located? along the rim of the Pacific Ocean
15.
The average condition of the atmosphere over a period of time is called… climate
16.
In a tundra climate, plant life includes… mosses or no vegetation
17.
People harm oceans by… allowing waste material to enter the oceans
18.
Describe a dictatorship. One person rises to power and controls all aspects of life; citizens have few or no rights.
19.
Why do continents move? They rest on tectonic plates, which change position over time.
20.
Which sector of economic activity involves using raw materials from the soil or water? primary sector
21.
What are examples of renewable resources? solar power

22.
Describe a democracy. Citizens elect representatives.
Unit 4 Ch. 7 South America Geography & History pg. 190-211
23.
Describe the Andes Mountains and the Amazon Basin. The Andes Mountains stretch along the western coast of South America. The Amazon Basin is the largest river basin in the world.
24.
What challenge do countries in both South America and Africa face? Rain forests are being destroyed.
25.
Describe the Inca civilization. It made use of many engineering skills.
26.
Why did Portugal bring African slaves to Brazil? They wanted people to work their plantations and mines.
27.
What geographic feature stretches nearly the entire width of South
America? Amazon Basin
28.
What causes the Atacama Desert to be so dry? The Andes Mountains prevent moist winds from reaching the coast of Chile (a rain shadow).
29.
How were the Inca able to farm on the slopes of the Andes Mountains? terraced fields
30.
What were the achievements of the Inca civilization? irrigation canals
31.
The Andes Mountains stretch for many miles along which side of South
America? western
32.
In what type of farming do people grow only enough food to feed their own families? subsistence farming
33.
Smaller rivers that drain into a larger river are called what? tributaries
34.
What empire was located along the western coast of South America from
1438 until the 1530s? Inca
35.
The slash-and-burn technique is a way of doing what? clearing land for farming
36.
In Brazil, from where did most slave labor come?
Africa
Unit 4 Ch. 8 South America Today pg. 216-235
37.
In South America, what group of people is called the mestizo? those who have a blend of European and Indian ancestry
38.
What are the most widely spoken languages in South America? Portuguese and Spanish
39.
What religion is practiced by about 80 percent of South Americans today?
Catholicism
40.
What is the region called the Wet Pampas known for? abundant crops
41.
What do places with Mediterranean climates have in common? western coasts

42.
What South American city will be hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics? Rio de Janeiro
43.
What are benefits of hosting the Olympic Games? The building of the
Olympic Village and other structures will create jobs.
44.
Explosive population growth in São Paulo, Brazil, has contributed to what situation? overcrowding in slums
45.
Why will the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro have historic importance? The Olympic Games have never been held in a South American country before.
46.
What word is used to describe a language that is a blend of two different languages? Creole
47.
How might the 2016 Olympics help the slums of Rio de Janeiro? The city plans to tear down and rebuild many buildings.
Unit 3 Ch. 5 Central America & the Caribbean Geography & History pg. 142-
159
48.
What are the main landforms in Central America? mountains, coastal plains, rain forest
49.
What causes deforestation of the rain forests? People clear areas for farmland and use trees for wood.
50.
What three regions were connected by the Triangular Trade? Europe,
Africa, the Americas
51.
What caused Europeans to bring Africans to the Americas? Native people died from disease, so Europeans wanted other workers.
52.
What was the main economic activity in colonial Haiti? growing sugarcane
53.
Why did the Caribbean countries want independence? They wanted to control their lands and resources.
54.
When Castro took control in the 1960s, how did he change Cuba? He established a communist government.
55.
What effect does Central America’s location on top of moving tectonic plates have on the region? many earthquakes and volcanoes
56.
What positive effect have volcanoes had on the region? rich soil in mountains
57.
How did the Columbian Exchange affect European life? introduced American foods to Europe
58.
How are Puerto Rico and Cuba different? Puerto Rico has more economic and political freedom.
59.
What was the trade pattern among the Americas, Europe and Africa called? triangular trade

60.
What did the Columbian Exchange do? brought new foods to different continents
61.
Many of the original natives of the Caribbean died from diseases. Where did they get the diseases? Europeans
62.
What is Puerto Rico today (type of government)? a United States commonwealth
Unit 3 Ch. 6 Central American & the Caribbean Today pg. 164-179
63.
What was the purpose of the Panama Canal? to shorten the trip from the
Atlantic to the Pacific
64.
What problem does Costa Rica have in spite of its economic growth? poverty rates between 15 and 20 percent
65.
What has caused Nicaragua’s government to be so unstable? dictators and civil wars
66.
Why did so many Caribbean residents migrate away from their homes? need for jobs and safety
67.
What are the desired results of ecotourism? protect rain forest and fight poverty
68.
What were the biggest problems in building the Panama Canal? mosquitoes and rough terrain
69.
Why does deforestation cause animals to face extinction? loss of natural habitat
70.
Before the Panama Canal opened, how did ships sail from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Ocean? around South America
71.
What is the future of the Panama Canal? will be expanded in a few years
72.
Why is Costa Rica’s economy stronger that Nicaragua’s? Costa Rica is a more peaceful country.
Unit 2 North America Geography & History pg. 78-111
73.
What words describe the Great Plains? low, flat areas of land
74.
Why does agriculture thrive in the Great Plains? rich soil and temperate climate
75.
Where is the Mexican Plateau? between two ranges of the Sierra Madres
76.
Why did the French get along better with Native Americans than the British did? The French were traders and missionaries.
77.
What was the goal of the Patriots’ revolution against Britain? to govern themselves
78.
For what were the Aztecs known? created an empire through military conquest

79.
What advantages did Cortés have over Montezuma? stronger weapons, armor, and horses
80.
What was the top social class in colonial Mexico? peninsulares
81.
What caused the Dust Bowl? A period of drought and soil erosion occurred.
82.
What is the Great Basin? an area between the Rockies and the Sierra
Nevada Mountains
83.
Why was Britain able to conquer New France? The British had a stronger army and more money than the French.
84.
What was Hernán Coretés’s goal? to explore and conquer the Aztecs
85.
What Aztec ruler did the Spanish defeat? Montezuma
86.
Why did North America’s major cities develop along rivers? Rivers were important for transportation and as a water source.
87.
Where are the main oil fields in the United States? southern Great Plains
88.
What describes the Great Basin? dry desert area
89.
Why were there more slaves in the South than in the North in the 1880s?
Slaves worked the large plantations in the South.
90.
Why is Quebec both British and French? The Quebec Act allowed both cultures.
91.
Who were the leaders of the Mexican Revolution? Pancho Villa and Emiliano
Zapata
Unit 2 North America Today pg. 116-131
92.
Which factor contributed most to the cultural diversity in Canada and the
United States? immigration
93.
What is ethanol? fuel made from plant material
94.
What economic problem does Mexico face? growing unemployment
95.
Why has Canada historically encouraged immigration? to attract workers
96.
How do the U.S. and Canadian economies differ? Canada’s government plays a larger role in its economy.
97.
What caused heavy violence along the U.S.-Mexico border in the early
2000s? illegal drug trade
98.
What effect did the North American Free Trade Agreement have on
Mexico? Trade with Canada and the United States rose by 300 percent.
99.
What religion did Spanish missionaries introduce to Mexico? Catholicism
100.
What are maquiladoras in Mexico? foreign-owned factories where imported parts are assembled into export products