Bodies on the move
1. Cover up the diagram of the human skeleton on page 266
and test your memory of the names of some of your
important bones by completing the table below.
Scientific name
Common name
Vertebral column
Spine
Cranium
Skull
Clavicle
Collarbone
Sternum
Breastbone
Mandible
Lower jaw
Femur
Thighbone
Patella
Kneecap
Tibial
Shinbone
2. Describe the job done by each of the following parts of a
joint.
a. Ligament- The ligament is a strong fibre that holds the bone
together.
b. Cartilage- The cartridge helps the bones not to scrape
together.
c. Synovial fluid- The synovial fluid also helps the bones not to
scrape together.
3. Some joints are referred to as immovable joints. What is
the use of having joints that don’t move?
The job of an immovable joint is that is should absorb enough
energy to from a severe knock to prevent the bone from
breaking.
4. Identify an example of each of the following types of joint.
a. Hinge- Elbow
b. Ball and socket- shoulder
c. Pivot- The joint between the skull and the spine
d. Immovable- Plates of your skull.
5. Ligaments and tendons are bundles of tough fibres.
Identify the major difference between a ligament and a
tendon.
A ligament serves to keep the structure of the bones stable
while a tendon is used for to move the bone of the structure.
6. Describe the action of the biceps and the triceps muscles
as you bend your elbow to raise your forearm.
7.Recall which organs the skull and ribcage protect.
The skull and ribcage protect the brain, intestine, heart, live and
Lungs.
8.Look carefully at each of the skeletons below. Three of
them are incomplete. Identify which skeletons are
incomplete and name the missing parts.
The incomplete Skelton’s are B,C and E. The missing part to
skeleton b is a missing bottom jaw. The missing part of
skeleton c is the missing shinbone. The missing part of skeleton
e is the missing kneecap.
9. Explain why our skeleton isn’t made of just one bone.
This is because our bodies need to be able to move.
10. Explain why it is that, in a similar accident, an adult
gets a broken bone while a child may suffer only a
greenstick fracture.
This is because children’s bones are much more flexible then
adults.
11. Find out where the following bones are in the human
skeleton.
a. The Humerus is found in the arm. B. The fibula is found in the
shin. C. Coccyx is found in the lower back. D. Scapula is found in
the shoulder blade.
12. The muscles in your food pipe contract and relax to
push food down into your stomach. Are these muscles
voluntary or involuntary muscles? Explain your answer.
The answer is voluntary, as you have to use the muscles to
swallow.
13. Describe what would happen if your cartilage in your
knee just wore out.
It would be very painful because the bones would be rubbing
together.