Chapter 1
Food Science: An Old but New Subject
• Objectives
• Describe the three periods in the development of foods.
• Summarize how food products and processing methods have changed due
to contributions of food scientists.
• Analyze how studying food science now can benefit you in the future.
What Is Food Science?
• Food science is
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
•
It began to evolve when technology moved food preparation from
_________________________________________________________________________________________
•
It involves concepts from
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
•
It focuses on what happens to foods _________________________ you eat them
•
It also addresses ___________________________, or what happens to foods after you
eat them
Early Food Discoveries
• Civilizations formed where _____________________________________________ were
abundant
• Foods, preparation techniques, and preservation methods were discovered
by _______________________________________________
•
_________________________________________________________________________________________
were the earliest forms of food processing
The Industrial Revolution
• Scientific advances brought changes in the economy and food production
The ___________________________________ reduced food spoilage
Specialized ___________________________________ and _________________________________
equipment increased the food supply
New ingredients improved _________________________________________________
Government Regulation of the Food Industry
• The growing industry needed government regulations to maintain a
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Mass food production led to mass __________________________________ of food
products
______________________________ contained gravel and twigs
•
_______________________ was diluted with sulfuric acid
_________________had added water or other substances
Early Regulation
• The U.S. Department of Agriculture (____________) had authority to oversee
food production and agricultural research
not to ________________________________________________
• USDA chemist Harvey Wiley fought to eliminate misnamed and adulterated
foods
which led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (______)
• Two laws were the basis for rules and regulations written by the FDA
___________________________________________________________: prohibits interstate
commerce of misbranded and adulterated food, drinks, and drugs
___________________________________________________________: expands the FDA authority
to cover cosmetics and to establish regulations and guidelines for the food industry
Government Regulation Today
• Regulations for improved safety
The ______________________ is the basis for safe food handling
___________________________ becomes law and the __________________ list identifies food
additives deemed “generally recognized as safe”
________________________________________________________________: focuses on preventing
food contamination
• Labeling and Nutrition Guidelines
___________________________________________________________________: requires honest,
informative labels
___________________________________________________________________: requires packaged
foods to have a nutrition label and authorizes certain health claims
____________________________________________________________________: requires food
allergy warning labels
_______________—Regulates 80% of food supply, approves food additives, sets food
labeling guidelines, and creates food safety and wholesomeness standards
________________________—Oversees meat, poultry, and processed egg products;
inspects processing plants; develops dietary guidance; and regulates organic foods
Food Labeling
• FDA and USDA share the responsibility
• Failure to follow food labeling laws may lead to large fines, food recalls, or
production plant closings
• Laws established to protect food from _______________________________________, or
from growth until reaching the consumer
Important Food Organizations
• Nonpartisan organizations report unbiased, factual communication
The International Food Information Council (________)
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (_______)
• They observe and report scientific developments, policy, and legislation
related to the food industry
• Contributions of Scientists: Expanded Food Supply
• Improve _______________________________ to combat hunger
• Develop new production methods
__________________________________________ are grown with their roots suspended in
liquid nutrient solutions
__________________________________________ is used to lower production costs and
increase crop yields
Contributions of Scientists: New Food Products
• Meet demands for inexpensive, tasty, nutritious, convenience foods
• Develop foods for special needs such as armed services, sports, and health
conditions
_________________________________ are natural or manufactured substances used in
place of foods or food components
Contributions of Scientists: New Processing Techniques
• Develop new production processes to achieve greater food variety and
choices
Examples: dehydrated food products and special packaging for space travel
_______________________________ are substances used for quick-freezing that help
preserve food color, texture, and nutritive value
Contributions of Scientists: Attention to Global Concerns
• Keep food safety risks outside the U.S.
• Support the international scientific authority—the Codex—in setting global
food standards
• Promote _____________________________________, the protection of food from
intentional contamination
The Department of Homeland Security (____) and the USDA work together
• Scientists work to ensure __________________________________, or having access to
nutritionally adequate and safe food
Why Study Food Science?
• Increase exposure to a variety of career opportunities
• Enhance problem-solving skills
• Learn
how to make healthier food choices
proper food preparation techniques
safe food handling practices
Recap
• Major periods in the development of food are
early food discoveries
the industrial revolution
era of government regulations
• Contributions of food scientists include
an expanded food supply
new products and processes that offer greater safety, variety, and choice
• Studying food science offers
an understanding of healthier food choices, proper preparation techniques, and
safe handling practices
improved problem-solving skills
an introduction to exciting career opportunities