Chemistry: Chapter 1 & 2 Study Guide
Station 1: Chapter 1 Review
1. What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
2. Explain the characteristics of and differences between solids, liquids, and gases.
Solids
- Orderly arranged
- Molecules locked in place
in an orderly arrangement
Liquids
- Randomly arranged
- Molecules are close
together and can slide past
each other
Gases
- Randomly arranged
- Molecules are farther apart
and can bounce off each
other
3. How does increasing the temperature affect the motion of molecules?
Increasing temperature increases the motion of the molecules.
4. How does decreasing the temperature affect the motion of molecules?
Decreasing temperature decreases the motion of the molecules.
5. Explain how a thermometer works. Be sure to give detail of molecular motion, how
far apart molecules are, and where they go to change the temperature reading.
When measuring temperature the molecules of the material strike the glass of the
thermometer, transferring energy to the glass and making the glass molecules move
more quickly. The glass molecules then transfer the energy to the alcohol inside the
thermometer causing them to move more quickly. As the alcohol molecules move
more quickly they move farther apart from each other causing the liquid to move up
the thin opening on the inside of the thermometer.
6. What differences would you expect if, at the same time, you place yellow and blue
food coloring in both hot and cold water?
You would see the blue and yellow food coloring mix together more quickly causing
to make green. The cold water will not show as much mixing.
Station 2 – Chapter 2 Review
1. What is conduction and explain how it transfers heat energy.
Conduction is the transfer of energy by the direct contact of the particles in a sample
of matter. Conduction can occur within a single material or between molecules in
different materials. As one molecule comes in contact with another molecule the
higher energy molecules transfers energy to the lower energy molecule.
2. What is temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average motion (kinetic energy) of the molecules
in a sample of matter.
3. What is evaporation? Explain at the molecular level how the energy and motion of
molecules changes during this process.
Evaporation is the change in state from the liquid state of a material to the gaseous
state. Energy needs to be added to the liquid molecules, causing them to move more
quickly and escape the bonds of the liquid and become a gas.
4. What is condensation? Explain at the molecular level how the energy and motion of
molecules changes during this process.
Condensation is the change in state from the gaseous state of a material to the liquid
state. Energy needs to be removed from the gas molecules, causing them to move
more slowly. This allows the molecules of gas to stick together when they come in
contact with each other, creating a liquid.
5. Imagine that you place a drop of water on each of two paper towels. Then you place
one on a bag of hot water and the other on a bag of room temperature water.
Which drop will evaporate first? Why?
The drop of water will evaporate more quickly from the paper towel on the hot
water bag. This is because more energy is being transferred from the molecules of
hot water in the bag to the water molecules in the drop of water on the paper towel,
causing them to move more quickly and escape the bonds of the liquid.
6. Complete the Table: Use the key to complete the table below. Each row has a separate key
(4 pts.)
KEY:
Speed of Molecules:
Medium, Fast, Slow
Amount of Movement:
Slide past each other, can bounce off each other, vibrate only
Arrangement of Molecules: (one word used more than once)
random, orderly
Distance between molecules:
slightly farther apart than water, close together, very far apart
Compare water molecules in different states
Ice
Water
Water Vapor
Slow
Medium
Fast
Vibrate only
Slide past each
other
Can bounce off
each other
Orderly
Random
Random
Slightly farther
apart than water
Close together
Very far apart
Speed of Molecules
Amount of movement
Arrangement of
molecules
Distance between
molecules
Know your phase changes!