Earth’s Surface
Chapter 3 Section 3
6th Grade
Name: __________________________
Date: __________________________
Learning Targets:
 1. I can identify the kinds of materials that make up sedimentary rocks.
 2. I can describe three groups of sedimentary rocks
 3. I can explain how sedimentary rocks record past conditions.
Sedimentary Rocks Form From Rock Particles

Sedimentary rocks form from materials that get ________________together or __________________ into rock

Sediments are materials that __________________ out of water or air.

Sediments can be made up of loose pieces of _________, __________________, __________________ and
_____________________ remains.

Most transported sediment settles out of a fluid

Ends up being deposited in rivers, lakes and most of all in the oceans.
Sedimentary Rock Formation

There are two main processes that can change sediments into rocks.
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1. _______________________ – one layer gets buried by another, and then another. The overlying layers
press down on the sediments underneath
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2. _______________________– The sediments are held together by minerals that have
_______________________ between them, acting as a cement.

Common Sedimentary Rocks: Sandstone, Limestone, Conglomerate, Shale, Chert, Rock Salt
Coal

Coal is made up of the remains of __________________ – dead wood, bark, leaves, stems, and roots

Coal is an ____________________sedimentary rock because it forms from plants instead of earlier rocks.

The coal we use today started forming ___________________ of years ago in __________________
Sedimentary Rocks and Past Conditions

Sedimentary rocks are laid down in ________________ with the oldest layer on the _____________________

Sedimentary rocks can tell scientists what the conditions may have been like in the past

___________________of fish or shells can show that the area was once covered by ____________________

Sedimentary rocks can also show that an area was flooded.

_______________cracks show that rocks formed in areas where _______ periods were followed by dry periods.
Chapter 3 Section 4
Metamorphic Rocks
Heat and Pressure Change Rocks
 The process in which an existing rock is changed by __________ or ____________________ or both is called
metamorphism.
 The original_____________________ or _________________________ rock is called the parent rock.
 The resulting (new) rock is called a ___________________________ rock.
 It is also possible for the parent rock to be a____________________________ rock.
 Rocks do not __________________when they under go metamorphism.
 The process by which bonds between atoms in minerals break and re-form in new ways during metamorphism is
called _____________________________.
 During this time, atoms can combine in ______________________ ways, and new ______________________
can form in place of older ones.
 For example, during recrystallization ______________ that forms from silt and clay can form________________
Metamorphic Changes Over Large Areas
 When both high ________________________________ and high ______________________are present
metamorphic changes can occur over ___________________areas.
 When only one of these conditions is present, changes tend to occur over smaller areas.
 An example of changes over a large area is a region where___________________ blocks of rock are pressing
together and pushing up ____________________________ ranges.
 This process can affect an area______________________ of kilometers wide and _________of kilometers deep.
 Typically, the_________________ below the surface the rocks are the _________________the metamorphic
changes that occur in them.
 For example, a sedimentary rock may change to ________________near the surface, but become
_________________ deep inside a mountain.
Metamorphic Changes Can Occur Over Small Areas
 _______________ can push into rocks underground, or surface rocks can be covered by____________ flow.
 The ____________ or_______________ heats the rocks causing _____________________________ change.
 The rocks are ________________but not squeezed.
 This heat can cause change in rocks from less than _________ meter to several ___________________meters.
Most Metamorphic Rocks Develop Bands of Minerals
 A common property of _____________________rock is called ________________________
 _____________________is the arrangement of ___________________ in flat or wavy _______________ bands.
 Foliation develops when rocks are under_______________________.
 Foliation occurs when minerals______________________________ out or line up in bands.
Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks
 ___________________________ rocks that do not show foliation are called _________________________
 Metamorphic rocks may not show foliation because it is made up of only___________ type of mineral.
Therefore, different ____________________ cannot ________________________ and line up in layers.
 ____________________is one common ____________________________ metamorphic rock.
 The second reason a ____________________________ rock may be ________________________ is because it
has not been subjected to high ____________________________