Chapter 5 Extra Practice Answer Key
5.1 Collect, Organize, and Use Data
1.
a) sample: 125 customers; population: all people who purchase conditioner
b) sample: a group of hockey players at the rink; population: all hockey players
c) sample: Saturday morning customers; population: all restaurant customers
d) sample: five science teachers at a conference; population: all science teachers
e) sample: three landscapers; population: all landscapers
2.
a) 17 students
b) 86 students
3.
a) 108 students
b) 180 students
4.
Party A: 2 000 000 votes;
Party B: 8 000 000 votes;
Party C: 5 000 000 votes;
Party D: 3 000 000 votes
5. No; hockey team members are more likely want a hockey arena. Should take the sample from the entire
school population.
6. Yes; residents were chosen randomly from the phone book.
7. No; the last 15 people probably enjoyed the performance. Should take the sample from everyone who
attended the show.
8.
a) No; each number should be equally likely.
9.
a) landing on 3:
b), c) Answers may vary.
3
7
or 30%; not landing on 3:
or 70%
10
10
b) He landed on 4 more often than on any other number.
10. rock:
7
1
5
or 39%; pop:
or 17%; not pop:
or 83%
18
6
6
5.2 Theoretical and Experimental Probabilities
1.
a)
1
2
b)
5
6
c)
3
4
2.
a)
6
1
or
36
6
b)
5
6
c)
5
36
3.
a)
13
18
b)
1
12
c)
11
12
d)
6
1
or
36
6
4.
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B, O
R. O
G, O
B, P
R, P
G, P
B, W
R, W
G, W
5.
Cone
Waffle
Chocolate
Ice Cream
Outcome
Vanilla
Waffle cone, vanilla ice cream
Chocolate
Waffle cone, chocolate ice cream
Strawberry
Waffle cone, strawberry ice cream
Vanilla
Chocolate cone, vanilla ice cream
Chocolate
Chocolate cone, chocolate ice cream
Strawberry
Chocolate cone, strawberry ice cream
6.
a)
7
15
b)
7.
a)
1
for both
13
b) jack:
c) 1 
8
15
1
1
1
1
; red queen:
; club: , seven of spades:
13
26
4
52
1 3

4 4
8.
a), d) experimental probability b), c) theoretical probability
9.
a)
19
20
b) 7 straws; 2 or 3 hats; 1 or 0 coupons
10.
a)
1
12
b) Answers may vary.
5.3 Explore the Effects on Mean, Median, and Mode
1. Add the same value to, or subtract the same value from, the original mean, median, and mode to find the
new mean, median and mode.
2. Multiply or divide the original mean, median, and mode by the same value to find the new mean, median
and mode.
3.
a) mean 4.875; median 4.5; mode 3; outlier 9
b) mean 5.4; median 4; mode 2; outlier 12
c) mean 20; median 23; no mode; outlier 5
4.
a) mean 22.7 median 22.5; mode 19
5.
a) mean 5.7; median 4.5; mode 2
b) Mean and median; they are the middle scores.
b) mean 22.8; median 18; mode 8
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6.
a) mean 34.6; median 34; no mode
b) mean 39.6; median 39; no mode
7.
a) mean 79.7; median 77; no mode
b) The new mean and median will be lower: new mean
c) mean and median; they are the middle scores
76.3; new median 76.5
5.4 Construct and Interpret Box-and-Whisker Plots
1.
a) median 20; upper quartile 74; lower quartile 14; upper extreme 81; lower extreme 11
b) median 79; upper quartile 84.5; lower quartile 70; upper extreme 100; lower extreme 62
2. a)
b) The upper whisker is longer than the lower whisker. This means that the highest 25% of the data was more
spread out than the data in the lowest 25%. The median is closest to the lower quartile. This means that the set
of data contains more values close to the lower quartile than values close to the upper quartile.
c) Yes. The range is very large (81 – 11 = 70) so there is great variability in the data.
3. a)
b) The smallest 25% of the litters were from 1 to 3 puppies. The largest 25% of the litters were from 7
to 8 puppies. The range is 8 puppies.
4. a)
b) Answers may vary. The range is 48, so there is great variability. The lower and upper quartiles are
not centered about the median so the data is skewed. The range of the lowest 25% of the data values
is greater than the range of the highest 25% of the data values.
5.
a) 13.3 L/100 km
b) 16.8 L/100 km; 10.2 L/100 km
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c) Answers may vary. Actual data is: 10.2, 10.7, 11, 12, 13.3, 13.6, 14, 15.2, 16.8.
6.
a) $22
b) $28
c) approximately 10 or 11.
7.
a) Class A
b) Class A
c) Class B; the top 25% of students in Class B had higher grades than the top 25% of students in Class A.
5.5 Construct and Interpret Circle Graphs
5.5 Construct and Interpret Circle Graphs
1. a)
b)
Type of Pet
Dog
Cat
Fish
Students' Pets
Number of Students
14
12
6
Fraction of Group
14 7

32 16
12 3

32 8
6
3

32 16
Decimal
0.4375
0.375
0.1875
Sector Angle (º)
157.5
135
67.5
43.75
37.5
18.75
Percent (%)
Fish
19%
Dog
43%
Cat
38%
c) Answers may vary. Approximately the same number of students own cats and dogs. The number of students
who own fish is half the number of students who own cats.
3. a)
b)
Teens' Favourite Type of Music
Teens' Favourite Type of Music
40
Number of Teens
35
30
Pop
25.68%
25
Rock
19.59%
20
15
Hip-Hop
22.30%
10
5
0
Rock
Rap
Electronic
Hip-Hop
Pop
Type of Music
Rap
22.97
Electronic
9.46%
c) pop
d) 77%
e) Answers may vary. The bar graph is good for showing the most or least
popular types of music. The circle graph is good for comparing one type of music to all of the types and finding
the percent of each type.
3. 8 blue; 13 red; 9 black; 20 silver; 3 white; 11 grey.
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5.6 Construct and Interpret Scatterplots
1. B, C
2.
a) The line of best fit slopes upward. The plant grew approximately 8 cm every week.
b) The line of best fit slopes upward. Students who do well in mathematics are not much better at
physical education that students who do not do as well in mathematics.
c) Cannot draw a line of best fit because there is no relation between the heights of three year olds and
the age of their mothers.
d) The line of best fit slopes downward. Runners who attend more practices seem to complete the race
in less time than people who attended fewer practices.
e) The line of best fit slopes downward. People who live closer to Halifax tend to visit the city more
often than people who live farther away.
3. a)
100
Amount of Sleep's Effect on Test Score
Test Score
80
60
40
20
0
0 0
2
4
6
Hours Slept
8
10
b) Yes, students who had more sleep scored higher on the test.
4.
a) approximately 6 kg
b) approximately 18 kg
c) Answers may vary. Yes. Based on the line of best fit, a pumpkin with a mass of 50 kg might
have approximately 3200 seeds.
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Review
1.
a) sample: one grade 9 class; population: all grade 9 students
b) sample: 10 students; population: all students at a school
c) sample: 30 shoppers in the store; population: all people who like soft drinks
d) sample: plum trees growing by a lake; population: all plum trees
2. a)
Favourite Cartoon
Other
10% Transformers
Childre
26.67%
n
Space Creatures
23.33%
Animals
30%
b) Animals; the sector angle for Animals is 108° which is 30% of the circle.
3.
a) cucumbers: approximately 263 people; green beans: approximately 385 people
b) No. The sample is too small and only people from one store in the town were surveyed.
4. a)
1
13
b)
12
13
c) Together they make up all possible outcomes of drawing a card. Their sum is 1.
5. a), b)
b) mean: 61.25. More values are higher than the mean, but many of those are close to the mean.
c) range: 48; There is great variability in the data, since the range is high relative to the data values.
6.
a)
4
2
or
50
25
b) approximately 11 times
c)
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1
8.3
or
50
6
7.
a) mean 22; median 20.5; mode 17
b) They each increase by 7.
c) They each decrease by 5.
d) They are each multiplied by 3.
8. a)
Year
Value of Fish
Caught ($1000s)
Value of Fish Caught
($1 000 000)
1945
19 223
19
1950
21 400
21
1955
23 582
24
1960
26 094
26
1965
48 193
48
1970
53 448
53
1975
91 010
91
b), c)
Value of Fish Caught in Nova Scotia
150
Value of Fish (millions)
125
100
75
50
25
0
1940
1950
1960
1970 1980
Year
1990
2000
2010
Approximately $150 million with all data values or approximately $110 million if the data from 1975 is treated
as an outlier.
d) Answers may vary. No, the values are much greater than the estimate. The increase in value over time
became non-linear after 1970.
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