Colleen Snow
Lesson plans for Biology
Week 6, February 6-10, 2012
Unit 2:Introduction to Genetics
Vocabulary: Genetics, true breeding, trait, hybrid, gene, allele, segregation, gamete, probability, punnett square,
homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, independent assortment, incomplete dominance, codominance,
multiple alleles, polygenic traits, homologous, diploid, haploid, meiosis, tetrad, crossing-over, gene map, karotype, sex
chromosome, autosome, pedigree. polygenic, sex-linked gene, nondisjunction, DNA fingerprinting.
Standards
Concept 1: History of Science as a Human Endeavor
Identify individual, cultural, and technological contributions to scientific knowledge.
Topics: Meiosis and Gene mapping
Vocabulary:
This weeks’ vocabulary: homologous, diploid, haploid, meiosis, tetrad, crossing-over, gene map
Homologous: A pair of chromosomes having the same gene sequences, each derived from one parent.
Diploid: A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set
from the father. In a diploid state the haploid number is doubled, thus, this condition is also known as 2n.
haploid, The number of chromosomes in a gamete of an organism, symbolized by n. A cell or an organism having half
of the number of chromosomes in somatic cells.
meiosis is a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction. The cells produced by meiosis are gametes or
spores. The animals' gametes are called sperm and egg cells.
tetrad :homologous chromosomes consisting of four synapsed chromatids that become visible during the Pachytene
stage of meiotic prophase
crossing over : Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is an exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes.
gene map: A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene. It includes the DNA sequence of
a gene with introns and exons, 3' or 5' transcribed-untranslated regions, termination (poly-adenylation) signal, regulatory
elements such as promoters, enhancers and it may include known mutations defining alternative alleles of the same gene.
February 6:
Standards: Standards: S2-C1-PO1. Describe how human curiosity and needs have influenced science, impacting
the quality of life worldwide.
Today’s vocabulary: Homologous: A pair of chromosomes having the same gene sequences, each derived from one
parent.
Diploid: A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set
from the father. In a diploid state the haploid number is doubled, thus, this condition is also known as 2n.
haploid, The number of chromosomes in a gamete of an organism, symbolized by n. A cell or an organism having half
of the number of chromosomes in somatic cells.
meiosis is a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction. The cells produced by meiosis are gametes or
spores. The animals' gametes are called sperm and egg cells.
tetrad :homologous chromosomes consisting of four synapsed chromatids that become visible during the Pachytene
stage of meiotic prophase
crossing over : Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is an exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes.
gene map: A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene. It includes the DNA sequence of
a gene with introns and exons, 3' or 5' transcribed-untranslated regions, termination (poly-adenylation) signal, regulatory
elements such as promoters, enhancers and it may include known mutations defining alternative alleles of the same gene.
Read pp.: 275-280
Activity: Activity:
Objectives: At the end of this lesson, student will be able to:
Explain what occurs during the process of meiosis.
Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
Identify which structures assort independently
February 7:
Standards: Standards: S2-C1-PO1. Describe how human curiosity and needs have influenced science, impacting
the quality of life worldwide.
Today’s vocabulary:
Karotype: a set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs.
sex chromosome: one of two chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex. Females have two X chromosomes,
males have one X and one Y chromosome.
Autosome: chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Pedigree: chart that shows a relationship within a family.
Polygenic: trait controlled by two or more genes.
Read pp. 341-348
Activity: none
Objectives: At the end of this lesson, student will be able to:
Explain how sex is determined
Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.
February 8:
Standards: Standards: S2-C1-PO1. Describe how human curiosity and needs have influenced science, impacting
the quality of life worldwide.
Today’s vocabulary:
sex-linked gene: gene located on the X or Y chromosome.
Nondisjunction: an error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate.
DNA fingerprinting: analysis of sections of DNA that have little or no known function, but vary widely from one idividul to
the next, helps identify individuals.
Read pp. :349-360
Activity: Activity: Standardized test prep, page 285, review at end of period.
Objectives: At the end of this lesson, student will be able to:
Explain why sex-link disorders are more common in males.
Explain nondisjunction and what problems occur from nondisjunction.
Describe the goal of the Human Genome Project
Define and give examples of gene therapy
February 9:
Standards: Standards: S2-C1-PO1. Describe how human curiosity and needs have influenced science, impacting
the quality of life worldwide.
Today’s vocabulary: none
Read pp.
Activity: Activity: Review for Genetics test.
Objectives: At the end of this lesson, student will be able to:
Use a punnett square to solve dihybrid, codominant, polygenic cross problems
Explain what occurs during the process of meiosis.
Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
Identify which structures assort independently
Explain how sex is determined
Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.
Explain why sex-link disorders are more common in males.
Explain nondisjunction and what problems occur from nondisjunction.
Describe the goal of the Human Genome Project
Define and give examples of gene therapy
February 10:
Standards: Standards: S2-C1-PO1. Describe how human curiosity and needs have influenced science, impacting
the quality of life worldwide.
Today’s vocabulary: none
Read pp. none
Activity: Genetics test.
Objectives: At the end of this lesson, student will be able to:
Use a punnett square to solve dihybrid, codominant, polygenic cross problems
Explain what occurs during the process of meiosis.
Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
Identify which structures assort independently
Explain how sex is determined
Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.
Explain why sex-link disorders are more common in males.
Explain nondisjunction and what problems occur from nondisjunction.
Describe the goal of the Human Genome Project
Define and give examples of gene therapy