Chemistry B Review
Unit List
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Safety
Matter
Atoms
Compounds
Chemical Reactions
Reaction rates and equilibrium
Fire (mini-unit)
Density (mini-unit)
Relevant book chapters
1, 2, 4, 5,6, 20
Vocabulary
Write definitions for the following terms. Some terms will be in your book while others will be in your
notes.
MSDS
Material Safety Data sheet
NFPA Label
Blue- Health
Red_ Fire
Yellow_ Reactivity
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Element
A pure substance which cannot be broken down chemically or physically.
Compound
A chemical combination of 2 or more elements.
Heterogeneous Mixture- A mixture with varying composition “Chunky”
Homogeneous Mixture- A mixture with uniform composition “Creamy”
Pure Substance
Substance which can’t be broken down physically.
Physical Change
Change in the shape or appearance of matter without changing the molecules.
Chemical Change
Change in the structure of the molecules of a substance.
Physical Property
Property relating to physical changes
Chemical Property
Property relating to chemical changes.
Reaction Indicators
1. Heat/Light
2. New Gas
3. Precipitate
Atom
Smallest piece of an element there is.
Molecule
Multiple atoms attached by chemical bonds.
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus
Neutron
Neutral particle found in the nucleus
Electron
Negatively charged particle found in the electron cloud.
Nucleus
Positvely charged core of an atom which contains most of the mass of the atom and is positively charged
Ionic Compound
A cation and anion held together by their electrical attraction for each other.
Acid
A compound containing hydrogen and an anion.
Molecular compound
A compound containing non-metals
Chemical Reaction
Atoms break their bonds and reconnect to form new molecules
Reactant
Starting materials for a chemical reaction
Product
Ending materials produced by a chemical reaction.
Composition (also called combination or synthesis)
Two substances combine to make a new one. A + X  AX
Decomposition
A compound breaks apart into more than one. AX  A + X
Single Replacement (also called single displacement)
A single element replaces an element in a compound. AX + B  A + BX
Double Replacement (also called double displacement)
Two compounds swap ions. AX + BY  AY + BX
Combustion
Oxygen and a hydrocarbon produce carbon dioxide and water.
Reaction Rate
Catalyst
Substance which increases reaction rate by decreasing activation energy
Inhibitor
Substance that decreases reaction rate by increasing activation energy
Equilibrium
Forward and reverse reaction rates balance each other out
Exothermic
Reaction that gives off energy (product)
Endothermic
Reaction that takes in energy (reactant)
Activation Energy
Energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Calorimetry
Using temperature changes in a water sample to calculate energy released by a chemical process.
Smoke Parts
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Water vapor
3. Leftover hydrocarbons
Reactants for Combustion
1.____Oxygen____________ and 2. _____Hydrocarbon______________
Products for Combustion
1. __Carbon dioxide___________ and 2. _______Water_____________
Convection
Heat transferred by air currents
Conduction_ Heat transfer by direct contact
Radiation
Heat transferred by electromagnetic waves (infrared)
Premixed Flame
Flame that has oxygen and fuel mixed before burning. More efficient and hotter.
Diffusion Flame
Flame that mixes fuel and oxygen as it burns. Less efficient and cooler.
Hydrocarbon
Compound containing carbon and hydrogen and sometimes oxygen.
Density
Mass divided by volume.
Density Column
Liquids of various densities in a cylinder with the most dense liquid on the bottom and the lowest
density on top.
Review Exercises
Do the following problems to help prepare for the fill in the blank portion of the exam
Matter review
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Identify each of the following as element, compound or mixture
Kool aid- mixture
Iron- element
Pure Water- compound
River water-mixture
Sodium Bicarbonate-compound
Gasoline-mixture
2. For each process described below decide if it is a chemical or physical change
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Milk goes sour- chem
Paper Burns-chem
Paper is ripped-phys
Ice melts-phys
Pancakes cook-chem
Compounds review
FORMULA
TYPE OF
COMPOUND:IONIC,
MOLECULAR OR
IONIC
NAME
KBr
Ionic
Potassium Bromide
SF6
Molecular
Sulfur hexaflouride
Cu2CO3
Ionic
Copper (I) Carbonate
P2O4
Molecular
Diphosphorous Tetraoxide
Al(NO3)3
Ionic
Aluminum Nitrate
HCl
Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
H2SO4
Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Na3PO4
Ionic
Sodium phosphate
CaO
Ionic
Calcium Oxide
IBr3
Molecular
Iodine Tribromide
K2Cr2O7
Ionic
Potassium dichromate
NH4Cl
Ionic
Ammonium Chloride
NiCl2
Ionic
Nickel (II) Chloride
HNO2
Acid
Nitrous Acid
Fe2S3
Ionic
Iron (III) Sulfide
CoO
Ionic
Cobalt (II) Oxide
Reactions Review
A ______Single replacement____ reaction is one in which one lone element replaces an element
that's in a compound.
In a ___Combustion___ reaction the products are always carbon dioxide and water.
A _Double Replacement_____ reaction involves two compounds switching elements with each other.
Two reactants coming together to form one product is a _Composition___ reaction.
One reactant breaking up into two products is a Decomposition_ reaction.
The _Reactants__ are always on the left side of the arrow in a BCE
__Exothermic______ reactions give off energy
Balance the following and identify the reaction type.
__1__CH4 + __2___O2 ---> ___1_CO2 + ___2_H2O
____1_Mg + ___2_HCl--> __1___MgCl2 + __1_H2
type___Combustion__________
type____SR___
___3__PbSO4 + __2__FeCl3 ---> __1__Fe2(SO4)3 + ___3__PbCl2 type_______DR___
___2__KClO3 --> _2__KCl + __3__O2
type____D_______
___2__Mg + __1___O2 --> __2__MgO
type______C_______
Reaction Rates and Equilibrium Review
Look at the diagram below a
What is the activation energy for this reaction? 7J
What is the energy change for the reaction? 9J
Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic. Exothermic
Consider the reaction below:
H2(g)+I2(g)→2HI(g)
a. If H2 is removed to the system how will this affect the equilibrium?
left
b. If I2 is removed from the system how will this affect the equilibrium?
left
c. If HI is removed to the system how will this affect the equilibrium?
right
d. If the pressure is decreased how will this affect the equilibrium?
No change
Fire Review
Write Balanced Chemical Equations for the following hydrocarbons
1. CH4
__1__CH4 + __2___O2 ---> ___1_CO2 + ___2_H2O
type___Combustion__________
2. C3H8
C3H8 + 5O2  3 CO2
+
4 H2O
3. C4H10
2C4H10
+ 13O2

8 CO2
+
10 H2O
Density Review
1. What determines where a layer will be a density column?
Highest density on bottom, lowest on top
2. What is the equation for density?
Mass divided by volume
3. What is the correct unit for mass
g
4. A substance is 12.4g and takes up 16.7mL. What is the substance’s density?
0.74g/mL