AP PSYCH
UNIT 6 Learning
Practice TEST
1.
The last time you came home after your curfew,
your parents grounded you for the next two weekends.
Ever since then you have been careful to come home on
time. The change in your behavior is best explained by
A)
classical conditioning.
B)
observational learning.
C)
habituation.
D)
operant conditioning.
E)
latent learning.
2.
Who would most likely agree with the following
statement concerning the field of psychology? “Its
theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior.
Introspection forms no essential part of its methods.”
A)
Albert Bandura
B)
John Garcia
C)
John B. Watson
D)
Carl Rogers
E)
Sigmund Freud
3.
a(n)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is
conditioned stimulus.
unconditioned stimulus.
unconditioned response.
conditioned response.
neutral stimulus.
4.
Which of the following is an unconditioned
response?
A)
playing jump rope
B)
running through a maze to get a food reward
C)
sweating in hot weather
D)
clapping after a thrilling concert performance
E)
getting money as a reward
5.
In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants
develop a fear of roses after roses are presented with
electric shock. In this fictional example, the presentation
of the roses is the
A)
conditioned stimulus.
B)
unconditioned stimulus.
C)
unconditioned response.
D)
conditioned response.
E)
fear response.
6.
For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS
should be presented
A)
shortly after the CR.
B)
shortly after the US.
C)
shortly before the US.
D)
at the same time as the US.
E)
shortly before the CR.
7.
Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of
the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other
body parts. This BEST illustrates
A)
spontaneous recovery.
B)
continuous reinforcement.
C)
latent learning.
D)
generalization.
E)
habituation.
8.
How does Robert Rescorla's model for classical
conditioning differ from Ivan Pavlov's?
A)
Rescorla emphasizes that an animal's capacity
for conditioning is constrained by biology.
B)
Rescorla believes that learning by observation is
more long lasting than learning through pairing stimuli.
C)
Rescorla demonstrated that intermittent
schedules of reinforcement lead to behaviors that are
more resistant to extinction.
D)
Rescorla argued against the use of animals in
research because of ethical concerns.
E)
Rescorla showed that cognition is important in
an animal learning that one stimulus reliably predicts
another stimulus.
9.
Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in
rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is
constrained by
A)
cognitive processes.
B)
biological predispositions.
C)
environmental factors.
D)
continuous reinforcement.
E)
latent learning.
10.
In shaping a dog to “shake,” the command
“shake” would be the ________. When the dog slightly
moves its paw, this would be a(n) ________.
A)
discriminative stimulus; operant behavior
B)
unconditioned stimulus; respondent behavior
C)
conditioned stimulus; positive reinforcer
D)
modeling; prosocial behavior
E)
continuous reinforcement; conditioned
reinforcer
11.
Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid
for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an
hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________
schedule of reinforcement.
A)
fixed-ratio
B)
fixed-interval
C)
variable-interval
D)
variable-ratio
E)
intermittent-interval
12.
Glancing at the television in the next room in
hopes of seeing the beginning of the evening news is
likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.
A)
intermittent-variable
B)
fixed-ratio
C)
variable-interval
D)
variable-ratio
E)
fixed-interval
13.
A choppy stop-start pattern of operant
responding is associated with the ________ schedule of
reinforcement.
A)
fixed-ratio
B)
fixed-interval
C)
variable-ratio
D)
variable-interval
E)
continuous-immediate
14.
The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to
________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to
________.
A)
positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer
B)
acquisition; extinction
C)
reinforcement; punishment
D)
generalization; discrimination
E)
primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer
15.
Revoking the driver's license of a reckless driver
is intended to serve as a
A)
negative reinforcement.
B)
positive reinforcement.
C)
negative punishment.
D)
positive punishment.
E)
punishing reinforcer.
16.
Which of the following become active both
when people watch an action being performed and when
they perform that action themselves?
A)
cognitive maps
B)
fixed-ratio schedules
C)
mirror neurons
D)
operant chambers
E)
biofeedback systems
17.
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated
that the power of observational learning depends on
what?
A)
whether the participant is directly rewarded or
punished for behaving
B)
whether violence is performed
C)
whether the conditioned stimulus precedes the
unconditioned stimulus
D)
whether we see the people as similar to us
E)
the power of extinction to overcome
conditioning
18.
Experiments suggest that children exposed to a
model who says one thing and does another will
A)
ignore both what the model says and does.
B)
ignore what the model does but talk in ways
consistent with what the model says.
C)
ignore what the model says but act in ways
consistent with what the model does.
D)
talk in ways consistent with what the model says
and act in ways consistent with what the model does.
E)
talk in ways that contradict the model in order to
match the observed behavior.
19.
The violence-viewing effect is especially
pronounced when the observed violence
A)
causes visible harm.
B)
goes unpunished.
C)
seems unjustified.
D)
is committed by an unattractive person.
E)
is committed by children.
20.
After prolonged exposure to television violence,
viewers became more indifferent to violence when later
viewing a brawl, whether on TV or in real life. This
finding best illustrates
A)
latent learning.
B)
spontaneous recovery.
C)
extinction.
D)
instinctive drift.
E)
desensitization.
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
D
C
D
C
A
C
D
E
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B
A
A
E
B
C
C
C
D
D
B
E