Notes: Types of Reproduction
***Key Idea: Genetic information is passed from parents to offspring through ___________________________
Remember that chromosomes are _________ and __________. We have to get the chromosomes from the
parent cell the new cells that are being produced.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In ________________ reproduction, _______organism divides in two and makes an ________________ of itself. This is
essentially ________________.
Ex. Budding in yeast
Ex. Amoebas
Pros : _______________. used to get together with another organism.
Cons  : Only _____________ parent contributes genes.
Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis
In ____________reproduction,
______organisms must come together to
create an offspring that is genetically
_____________________ than either parent.
Pros  : Genes from __________ parents
contribute to offspring.
Cons : Must __________________ to get
together with another organism.
To reproduce sexually, the organisms
must first form “gametes.” Cells of the
body have two copies of sets of
chromosomes. Gametes only have one
set. Why?
_________________ cells have two sets of chromosomes. We
represent this as 2n.
_______________ cells have one set of chromosomes. We
represent this as n.
In humans, the _______________ gamete is the ___________.
The ______________gamete is the ____________.
The sperm swims up the female reproductive tract and ___________________the egg.
The egg and sperm together is called a _________________.
The __________________then divides by ________________ to form a multicellular (manycelled) organism. Mitosis is just plan old cell division.
The process of forming a gamete is called ____________________.
Steps of meiosis:
1. Replication
2. Pairing up of homologous chromosomes.
o ________________________________________ are both
sets of chromosomes.
o Ex. Both copies of chromosome 12
o ***Genetic material is exchanged or shuffled between the homologous chromosomes in a
process called _______________________. This produces the _____________ combinations of traits
that were not seen in either parent.
3. First division- Result is two haploid cells with replicated chromosomes.
4. Second division- Result is 4 haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes. (Result is the egg or
sperm).
MEMORIZE THIS! IT WILL TAKE YOUR FAR!!!
# of divisions
# of cells produced
sets of chromosomes in
cells produced
type of cells it occurs in
Mitosis
(asexual)
Meiosis
(sexual)
1
2
2 (cells are diploid or
2n)
all cells
2
4
1 (cells are haploid or
“n”)
reproductive tissues
only
yes
homologous chromosomes no
pair up?
genetic variety of offspring same as parent cell
genes are shuffled
during crossing over,
genetic variety is
increased