Plants
Chapters 22, 23, and 24
DUE: May 12th and 13th
Directions: Answer the following questions and draw-label-color, and write the captions for the following figures from
Chapter 22. Write the questions then the answer!
1.
2.
P634-638
a. Define
i. Alternation of Generation
ii. Sporophyte
iii. Gametophyte
iv. saprobe
b. P634
i. List three characteristics of plants
c. P635
i. What are the four requirements plants need to survive
ii. Summarize how sunlight is important for plant survival
iii. Summarize how gas exchange is important for plant survival
iv. Summarize how water and minerals are important for plant survival
v. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-2
d. P636
i. Did plants originate on land or in water?
ii. When did land plant begin to occur?
iii. What was the major challenge of land plants?
e. P637
i. What four features are used to divide plants into their various categories?
ii. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-5
iii. Summarize the Plant life cycle by explaining the differences between the 2N and N phases.
P639-645 – Seedless plants
a. Define:
i. Bryophyte
ii. Vascular tissue
iii. Anteridium
iv. Sporangium
v. Tracheophyte
vi. Tracheid
vii. Xylem
viii. Phloem
b. P639
i. Why is green algae considered a plant?
ii. Where do we find green algae?
iii. Why are green algae able to absorb their nutrients and moisture from their surroundings?
c. P640
i. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-8.
ii. In the life cycle of Chlamydomonas, which form of reproduction includes a diploid organism that
can survive harsh conditions?
iii. What are two examples of multicellular colonial algae.
d. P641 – Mosses and other Bryophytes
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3.
i. Why are bryophytes small?
ii. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-10
iii. Summarize the life cycle of bryophytes
iv. Why do bryophytes need to be near water before fertilization can occur?
e. P642
i. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-11
ii. Summarize what happens during the gametophyte phase in the Life Cycle of a Moss.
iii. Summarize what happens during the sporophyte phase in the Life Cycle of a Moss.
f. P643 – Vascular Plants
i. Why is vascular tissue important (see the key)?
ii. Why are vascular plants also called tracheophytes?
iii. Describe tracheids.
iv. Differentiate between the xylem and phloem
g. P644
i. The fern is a seedless vascular plant. Describe it’s characteristics.
ii. Summarize the Life Cycle of seedless vascular plants
iii. Why is water required during the life cycle of the fern?
iv. Complete the Analyzing Data Activity (answer questions 1-4. Only write the questions and
answers.)
h. P645
i. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-14
ii. Are the spores in this life cycle haploid or diploid?
P646 – 649 Seed Plants
a. Define
i. Seed
ii. Gymnosperm
iii. Pollen grain
iv. Pollination
v. Seed coat
vi. Ovule
vii. Pollen tube
b. P646
i. What adaptions allow seed plants to reproduce without open water?
ii. Where do male and female gametophytes grow and mature?
iii. Differentiate between gymnosperm and angiosperm?
c. P647
i. Read and study FIGURE 22-15 – How is the location of the developing seed different between
gymnosperm and angiosperm?
ii. Where is the male gametophyte found?
iii. How is pollen transferred to the female reproductive structure?
iv. What is pollination?
v. Where is the zygote found?
vi. What is the purpose of the seed coat?
d. P648
i. Where does reproduction in conifers take place?
ii. Differentiate between pollen cones and seed cones.
iii. What happens in ovules?
iv. How long is the life cycle of the conifer?
v. How does fertilization occur in gymnosperms in the absence of water?
vi. What happens if a pollen grain lands near an ovule?
vii. What is the function of the pollen tube?
2
e.
P649
i. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-17
ii. Which sporophyte stage develops immediately after fertilization?
f.
g.
4.
P652
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b.
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9.
P653
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d.
P654
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b.
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d.
P664
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d.
P665
a.
P666
P650
i. Define:
1. Ovary
2. Fruit
3. Cotyledon
4. Monocot
5. Dicot
6. Woody plant
7. Herbaceous plant
ii. What are the key features of angiosperm reproduction? (see the key)
iii. What does Angiosperm mean?
iv. What is the reproductive organ of the angiosperm called?
v. Where are ovaries found?
vi. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-18
P651
i. What are the advantages of flowers?
ii. What are the advantages of fruits?
How are angiosperm classified?
Differentiate between monocots and dicots
Why is Archaefructus not classified as either a monocot or dicot? What year did scientist discover
Archaefructus?
Make a table of the five clades of Angiosperm:
Clade
Description
Amborella
Water Lily
Magnoliids
Monocots
Eudicots
How are Angiosperm classified? (see key)
DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-22.
How do flowers of monocots and dicots typically differ?
Differentiate between herbaceous and woody plants.
DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 22-23.
What is the life span of annuals?
What is the life span of biennials?
What is the life span of perennials?
What are the three principal organs of the plant?
What is the function of the root?
What is the function of the stem?
What is the function of the leaf?
What is the function of dermal tissue
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P667
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P669
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P671
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P672
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P675
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P676
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P678
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P680
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P681
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g.
P682
What is the function of vascular tissue?
What are the two forms of xylem tissue?
What is the function of tracheids?
What is the function of vessel elements?
In phloem, what is the function of the sieve tube elements?
In phloem, what is the function of the companion cells?
What is the function of ground tissue?
What are the three types of ground tissue?
How do meristems differ from other plant tissue? (see key)
Differentiate between a taproot system and a fibrous root system
What are the functions of the root?
What are the five nutrients required by plants?
What is the role of nitrogen in plants?
What happens if a plant does not receive enough nitrogen?
What is the role of phosphorous in plants?
What happens if a plant does not receive enough phosphorous?
What is the role of potassium in plants?
What happens if a plant does not receive enough potassium?
What is the role of magnesium in plants?
What happens if a plant does not receive enough magnesium?
What is the role of calcium in plants?
What happens if a plant does not receive enough calcium?
What type of transport is used to bring nutrients into the roots?
Is energy required in this type of transport?
How does water move into the roots?
What is the function of the Casparian strip?
Differentiate between bodes and buds.
What is the function of vascular bundles?
DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 23-12.
How does the arrangement of vascular bundles differ in monocots and dicots?
Differentiate between primary and secondary growth in stems.
Differentiate between heartwood and sapwood.
Summarize how tree rings rae formed.
How is the structure of the leaf adapted to make photosynthesis more efficient? (see key)
DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 23-15.
Where does the majority of photosynthesis take place, the spongy or the palisades mesophyll?
Differentiate the functions of the palisade and spongy mesophyll.
What is the function of the stomata?
What is transpiration?
What is the purpose of transpiration to the plant?
Is transpiration helpful or hurtful to the plant?
4
a. What is the function of the stomata in maintaining homeostasis?
b. What gas leaves the leaf?
c. Which gas enters the leaf?
d. How do plants maintain homeostasis using stomata?
e. What is the purpose of guard cells?
f. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 23-16.
g. How is the structure of guard cells related to its function?
20. P686
a. What are the forces that transport water in a plant? (see key)
b. Differentiate between capillary action and adhesion.
21. P696 – Reproduction in Flowering Plants
a. What are Flowers? (see key)
b. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 24-1.
c. What if the function of the sepal?
d. What is the function of the petal?
e. What are the structures of the stamen?
f. What are the structures of the carpel?
g. Differentiate between the stamen and the carpel.
h. Create a table:
Structure
Male/Female
Anther
Pollen grains
Stamen
Carpel
Stigma
Pistal
Ovary
Style
filament
22. P700
a. What is pollination?
b. What is double fertilization?
c. What is produced in each fertilization?
d. What is an endosperm?
e. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 24.5.
23. P701
a. DRAW-LABEL-COLOR AND WRITE THE CAPTION FOR FIGURE 24-6.
b. Where does fertilization take place?
c. How do sperm cells reach the ovary?
d. Which parts of the seed are haploid?
e. How does the endosperm form?
24. P702
a. What is vegetative reproduction?
b. What are three examples of vegetative reproduction. (see Figure 24-7)
25. P703
a. What is grafting?
26. P705 – Seed Dispersal
a. How do animals disperse seeds?
b. How are seeds dispersed by wind?
c. How are seeds dispersed by water?
27. P706
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Function
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P707
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P708
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P709
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P710
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P711
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Complete Analyzing Data? Answer questions 1-2. Only write the questions and answers.
What is meant by dormancy?
What is germination?
What factors influence dormancy and germination?
What is the function of the cotyledon?
What are two advantages of doemancy?
What role plant hormones play?
What are auxins?
How do plant auxins aid in plant elongation??
Complete Analyzing Data. Answer questions 1-3. Only write the questions and answers.
How do plant auxins aid in plant branching?
What are cytokinins?
What are gibberellins?
How do gibberellins affect plant growth?
What is Abscisic acid?
How does abscisic acid affect cell growth?
What is ethylene?
How does ethylene affect plant growth?
Creat a table:
Hormone
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34.
35.
36.
37.
Plant Hormone Summary
Some of the Effects
Auxins
Cytokinins
Gibberrelins
Abscisic acid
Ethylene
P712
a. What are three environmental stimuli to which plants respond?
b. What is phototropism?
c. What is gravitropism?
d. What is thigmotropism?
P713
a. How do plants respond to seasons?
b. What is photoperiodism?
c. What is phytochrome?
d. When do ‘long-day’ plants flower?
e. When do short-day plants flower?
P714
a. What do deciduous plants do when winter approaches?
b. What causes leaf loss?
c. What causes changes to meristems?
P715
a. What crops are a major source of food supply for humans?
P717
a. What is the green revolution?
b. List the ways that fertilizers and pesticides cause problems for humans.
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Where Found