Report Sheet
Experiment 4 Part 1 : Aldehydes and Ketones
I. Data and Observations
Unknown number _______
A1. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones
Observations for benzaldehyde:
Observations for methyl ethyl ketone:
Observations for unknown:
A2. Semicarbazones
Observations for benzaldehyde:
Observations for methyl ethyl ketone:
Observations for unknown:
Clayton State University
CHEM 2412L
Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
Name __________________
Clayton State University
CHEM 2412L
Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
B1. Chromic acid regent
Observations for propanaldehyde:
Observations for benzaldehyde:
Observations for methyl ethyl ketone:
Observations for unknown:
C. Iodoform Test
Observations for methyl ethyl ketone:
Observations for unknown:
II. Data Analysis
1. Attach a copy of your unknown compound FTIR spectrum to this report. Identify as
many peaks as possible in the spectrum.
2. Identify the functional group present in your unknown. Explain how you came to this
conclusion using your observations and spectroscopic data.
III. Questions
1. Give an example of a simple chemical test that would distinguish pentanal from
2-pentanone. Explain.
Clayton State University
CHEM 2412L
Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
2. How would you distinguish between 2-pentanone and 2-pentanol
by use of infrared spectroscopy only? Explain.
Experiment 4 Part 2: Esterification Report Sheet
I. Data and Observations
Tube #
Carboxylic Acid
Alcohol
1
Formic Acid (methanoic acid)
Isobutyl Alcohol
2
Acetic Acid (ethanoic acid)
Amyl (1-pentanol)
3
Acetic Acid (ethanoic acid)
1-octanol
4
Acetic Acid (ethanoic acid)
1-propanol
5
Propanoic Acid
Isobutyl Alcohol
6
Cinnamic Acid
Methanol
7
Cinnamic Acid
Ethanol
8
Salicylic Acid
Methanol
9
____ - 1
____ - 2
10
____ - 1
____ - 2
Scent
Clayton State University
CHEM 2412L
Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
Note any observations in color of each ester.
Tube #
Observations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Note which ester you think your unknowns are based strictly on physical appearance and
scent
Tube #
Carboxylic Acid
Alcohol
9
____ - 1
____ - 2
10
____ - 1
____ - 2
Name of Ester
II. Reactions
(Draw the reactions taking place in each of the 8 known reactions in this experiment. You
do not need to show a mechanism. Also provide the name of the ester produced for each
of the 8 known reactions)
Clayton State University
CHEM 2412L
Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
III. Data Analysis
1. For the reaction in test tube #1 calculate the limiting reagent and the theoretical yield.
Assume that there are 20 drops in 1 mL. Show your work for full credit.
2. Match the experiments in test tubes 1, 4, and 5 with the 1H-NMR spectra A, B, and C
below. For each 1H-NMR spectrum label which sets of hydrogens in the structure
corresponds to which signal in the spectrum.
Clayton State University
CHEM 2412L
Dr. Susan F. Hornbuckle
IV. Questions
3. Esterification is a highly reversible reaction. Which fundamental principle in
chemistry should be utilized to improve the yield of the ester? Give two ways that
this can be accomplished.
4. We know that the esterification reaction is in equilibrium. Does water participate in
the equilibrium constant? Back up your answer with an explanation.
5. What is the purpose of using a saturated sodium chloride solution in this experiment?