S3 Extension Ink exercise – Bonding, structure and properties
1) A chlorine molecule is made up of 2 chlorine atoms joined together. a) What term is used to describe a molecule made up of two atoms? b) Compounds made from molecules have low melting points.
(1)
Explain why these compounds have low melting points. (1) c) The atoms in these molecules are held together by covalent bonds.
Copy the sentence below and circle the correct words to complete
(1) the statement about covalent bonds.
2) The grid shows the symbols of some elements. a) Identify the two elements which would react to form a molecule with the same shape as an ammonia (NH3) molecule. (1) b) Draw and name the shape of a methane (CH
4
) molecule (1)

3) a) Why do ionic compounds like lead iodide not conduct electricity
when solid? b) Explain what is meant by the term ionic bond.
(1)
(1)
4) The first step in extracting titanium from its ore is to convert it to titanium (IV) chloride. Titanium chloride is a liquid at room temperature and does not conduct electricity.
What type of bonding does this suggest is present in titanium (IV) chloride? (1)
5) The table contains information about some substances. a) Identify the two substances which exist as molecules. (1) b) Identify the substance with a covalent network structure. (1) c) Identify the substance which could be calcium fluoride. (1)

6) The table lists the names of some elements. a) Identify the two elements which exist as diatomic molecules. (1) b) Explain the meaning of the word diatomic. (1)
7) Hydrogen can form bonds with other elements.
The diagram shows the arrangement of outer electrons in a molecule of hydrogen chloride. a) What type of bonding is present in a hydrogen chloride molecule? (1) b) Draw a similar diagram showing all outer electrons to represent a
(1) molecule of phosphine (PH
3
).
Total 15 marks