ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY COURSE FINAL
STUDY GUIDE
Define Anatomy
Define Physiology
Define Homeostasis
Body planes (sections)
Sagittal
Transverse
Frontal
Relative position terms
Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Diagram/Define Anatomical Position
Body Cavities
Cranial
Vertebral
Pelvic
Abdominal
Thoracic
Mediastinum
Pleural
Define an Atom
Diagram of an Atom’s Structure showing the maximum amount of electrons in each shell (three minimum)
Define Atomic Weight
Define Atomic Number
Know Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons charge and location
Define an Ion
Diagram/Define Ionic Bond
Diagram/Define Covalent Bond
Define a molecule
Define electrolyte
4 Inorganic Substances
4 Organic Substances
Diagram a DNA double strand
Diagram an RNA single strand
4 parts of a typical cell
Define Passive Diffusion
Define Facilitated Diffusion
Define Anabolism
Define Catabolism
List the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration (creating energy)
Define Genome
4 types of tissue
3 types of muscle tissue
3 layers of skin
Define Melanin
4 types of bone classification
Diagram basic parts of a long bone
Be able to identify the following skull bones/structures
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Zygomatic, Mandible, Maxilla, Vomer, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Styloid
Process, Mastoid Process, Mandibular Condyle, Coronoid Process of skull, Foramen Magnum, External Acoustic Meatus,
Zygomatic Arch,
Be able to indentify the sections of the vertebral column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx, Atlas, Axis
Define Fontanel
Diagram a basic thoracic vertebrae with the major parts
Diagram the scapula with the major parts
Diagram 3 Parts of the Sternum
Diagram 3 major bones of the hip
Diagram the Hand with ALL bones listed
Diagram the Foot with ALL bones listed
Know all the bones of the Appendicular Skeleton (both by diagram and on model)
Know the following joint movement terms
Abduction, Adduction, Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Supination, Pronation
Define Origin and Insertion
Know all of the following muscles (both by diagram and on model)
Trapezius, Deltoid, Serratus, External Oblique, Rectus Abdominis, Pectoralis Major, Bicep Brachii, Tricep Brachii, Tensor
Fasciae Latae, Satrorius, Each Quad muscles, Each Hamstring Muscle, Adductor Longus, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Soleus,
Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Sternocleidomastoid, Masseter, Brachioradialis, Teres, Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboid,
Pectoralis Minor, Internal Oblique, Intercostal
Diagram 3 types of Neurons
Diagram a typical Multipolar Neuron with parts labeled
Define Synapse
Explain why neurons are one way streets (impulses only travel one way)
Explain the reflex arc
Explain the difference between Afferent and Efferent Neurons
Diagram the 3 main parts of the brain
Explain the function of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
Explain Sensory Adaptation
3 touch/pressure receptors in the skin
Diagram the Olfactory System
Diagram a Taste bud
Diagram the parts of the middle and inner ear
Diagram the major parts of the eye
Purpose of rod and cone receptors in the retina
List the purpose of the following endocrine glands:
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Pineal
Pituitary
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovary
Testicle
How are the endocrine system and nervous system similar and different
Diagram the 3 parts of whole blood
Name each of the types of blood cells or structures and their functions
List the different types of blood types and explain Antigens and Antibodies
Diagram the internal heart: include chambers and valves
Explain the purpose of the SA node, AV node, and the Purkinje Fibers
Diagram the path of blood flow in the complete Pulmonary Circuit
Explain Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, and veins. What do veins have that arteries do not:
Diagram the major arteries/veins of the neck and shoulder
Diagram the major arteries/veins of the trunk and thigh
Explain how the Lymph system and Circulatory system are similar and different
How is Lymph different than blood
Describe the different types of immunity
List the types of adult teeth you have and how many
List the 3 Salivary Glands
Diagram the primary portions of the digestive system
Diagram the parts of the stomach
List each section of the Small and Large Intestine and what they do
List the secondary digestive organs and what they do
Diagram the primary parts of the respiratory system
Explain how the Diaphragm works in respiration
Diagram the primary organs and structures of the urinary system
Explain the loop of Henley (Nephron Loop)
Other: