Non-Infectious Diseases
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
 Cannot be transmitted to other people
 Risk factors:

Genetics
 Life-style
 Environmental factors

Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
 Congenital disease is present at birth



Others don’t show up until later in life
Familial Disease Tendency

Disease runs in family
Genetic Risk Factors

Recessive gene
disorders
Need recessive gene from
both parents
 Can be a carrier
 Cystic fibrosis & sickle cell
anemia


Down syndrome

Born with extra
chromosome
Genetic Risk Factors

Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome
(female)
 Can be recessive in females
 Color blindness, hemophilia,
& muscular dystrophy

Environmental Risk Factors
Pollution
 Smoke
 Sunlight
 Radiation
 Altitude
 Water

Lifestyle Risk Factors
Diet
 Obesity
 Exercise
 Alcohol
 Tobacco
 Stress
 Sleep

Leading Cause of Death in US
1.
2.
3.
Heart disease: 631,636
Cancer: 559,888
Stroke : 137,119

(CDC, 2006)
Cardiovascular Disease
Disease of Cardiovascular system
 CV system is…

Heart
 Blood Vessels

 Arteries
 Vein
 Capillaries

Blood
Types of CV Disease
Hypertension
 Arteriosclerosis
 Atherosclerosis
 Heart Attack
 Stroke
 Arrhythmias
 Heart Valve Disorder
 Varicose Veins

Hypertension
High Blood Pressure
 Normal=120/80
 Over 120/80= At risk
 High=150/90
 Thickening of blood vessel walls
 Narrows passageways for blood

Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the
arteries
 Narrows blood
vessels & blocks
blood flow
 Atherosclerosis


Fat deposits in
blood vessels
Heart Attack
Caused by lack of oxygen delivery to cells
 Coronary heart disease

Blockage of coronary arteries
 Caused by fat deposits and/or blood clots
 Causes heart attack


Cardiac Arrest

Entire heart stops
Stroke
Disrupts blood flow to brain
 No oxygen to brain
 Brain cells die
 Caused by fatty deposits, blood clots, or
burst arteries
 Aneurysm


Weak spot in blood vessel that can burst
Stroke

Effects
Speech
 Senses
 Movement
 Memory
 Behavior
 Depending on side
of the brain

Heart Valve Disease
4 valves in heart
 2 between atria & ventricle
 2 between heart & arteries
 Bypass Surgery

Arrhythmias &
Varicose Veins
Arrhythmias
 Abnormal
heart beat
 Pacemaker
 Defibrillator
Varicose Veins
•Large blue
veins
•One-way
valves don’t
work
Testing & Diagnosis

Electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG)


Stress Test


Graphs electrical impulses and heart beats
ECG during exercise
Chest X-Ray

Picture of heart
Prevention
Don’t smoke
 Exercise regularly
 Manage stress
 Manage diet

Avoid saturated fat & cholesterol
 Replace red meat with chicken and fish
 Eat more fruits & veggies
 Avoid sweets, oils, & fats

Videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnK1Kv
3XkZI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7F52Iy
eINk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3QuU
Mt9cao
Discussion

Define HDL, LDL, Cholesterol. How are
they different? How are they similar?

Describe angiogenesis. What does it do?
Why does this help increase heart health?

Describe the symptoms of heart disease.
What is Cancer?
Define the 5 different types of cancer?
 What is the difference between benign &
malignant tumors?
 What is metastasis? How does it occur?
 What causes cancer?
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_wRpa
2b5XI

Cancer

Types
Skin
 Lung
 Mouth
 Throat
 Leukemia
 Breast
 Colon
 Cervix
 Prostate
 Testicular

Cancer

Types Risk Factors
Skin
 Lung
 Mouth
 Throat
 Leukemia
 Breast
 Colon
 Cervix
 Prostate
 Testicular

L, E, G
L, E,
L, E
L, E
L, E, G
L, E, G
E, G
L
L, G
L, G
Signs & Symptoms
Unexplained weight loss
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Pain
 Skin changes
 Thickening/ lumps
 Unusual bowel movements
 Unusual bleeding

Diagnosis
Early detection!!!!!!!!
 Screening

Self-test
 Pap-test

 Cervical

Colonoscopy
 Looks

examination
inside colon
Biopsy
 Removal
of cell/ tissue for examination
Treatment

Chemotherapy
Drugs that kill cancer cell
 Often taken in combination
 Pill or injection form


Radiation Therapy


Radiation can stop growth/
division of cancer cells
Surgery

Removal of tumor or cancer
cells
Prevention
Avoid tobacco.
 Avoid alcohol.
 Protect against the sun.
 Avoid chemicals/ carcinogens.
 Increase fiber intake.
 Reduce fiber intake.
 Eat balanced diet.
 Self-test.
 Get regular physical activity.
 Surgery
