CH 6 PART 2 NOTES**** A CLOSE READING OF THIS SECTION IS IMPERATIVE TO UNDERSTANDING
MANY OF THE INITIAL CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
GLOBAL WAR AND DISUNITY
This becomes a World War after 2 years [called the 7 years war in Europe] … and is fought in Europe,
West Indies, the Philippines, Africa, and all the oceans…
In Europe…Britain and Prussia fight France, Spain, Austria, and Russia… Frederick the “Great”…earns his
name here in the bloodiest theatre of the war in Germany often defeating armies 3X bigger…
William Pitt states the significance of this action, “ America is conquered in Germany.”
Colonists previously had showed a remarkable lack of unity …and during this struggle…in this action
results were mixed… certainly those closest to the fighting engaged more than those who lived farther
away… However, many colonists do come together during this struggle certainly setting the stage for the
unity they will surely need later (revolution) --the seeds are being planted during this struggle.
ALBANY CONGRESS [ALBANY PLAN OF UNION]- ***** IN 1754 British officials call for a
INTERCOLONIAL CONGESS to meet near Iroquois country. 7 of the 13 sent representatives… IMM.
PURPOSE: TO KEEP THE IROQUOIS LOYAL. THE LONGER PURPOSE: ACHIEVE GREATER COLONIAL
UNITY AND STRENGTHEN A COMMON DEFENSE.
See PC p. 113… “Join or Die,” Franklin *** IN SUPPORT OF--[ALBANY PLAN OF UNION] BF was the
leading spirit of the congress and he devises a “scheme” … that proposes COLONIAL HOME RULE… the
congress adopts this unanimously !! HOWEVER… The individual colonies REJECT the plan due to not
enough independence – and the British officials REJECT it as well due to it giving too much independence
to the colonies… (THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TOWARDS UNIFICATION, LATER) as they begin to
consider this idea…
Braddock’s Blundering and it’s Aftermath - See background above 
The war initially goes badly for the British and the Colonists due to a poorly coordinated strategy and
Generals that were too inflexible to adjust to the style of Indian fighting (Guerilla Warfare). Prime
example is Braddock’s defeat while attempting to take Ft. Duquesne (later Pittsburgh) in 1755. This
crushing defeat had huge impacts… GW survives, although having two horses shot out from under him
and his coat riddles with bullet holes, Braddock was killed…and the Frontier exploded with Native raids
occurring from Penn to Ga…it got so bad that Philadelphia officials paid for scalps, even of Women and
Children, 50$, and 130$ for a Warrior’s… The Frontier is Scorched !!!
****(SYNTHESIS) --THIS IS A TURNING POINT FOR NATIVE AMERICAN WARS IN THE SOUTHERN
BACKCOUNTRY—THE ANGLO-CHEROKEE WARS –CHICKAMAUGUA WARS--begin after the Cherokee,
who were aiding the British and Colonials, are disrespected. On their return to their home they are
attacked by various colonial groups, Natives are killed, and they begin to attack colonial settlements in
the backcountry from Pennsylvania to Georgia… Ft. Dobbs is built soon after to protect the NC
backcountry settlements. This War evolves in many ways and continues off and on until 1800…it is in this
long running conflict that the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Lenape, Ottawa, Shoshone, and MANY OTHERS-- leads
to a sort of “Confederacy” of interior tribes as they are about to go through massive changes…They are
used to being able to work one European power against the others…as France is defeated at the
conclusion of this war, the Native Interior Tribes now have no barrier to the EXPANDING COLONIALS….
THIS LEADS TO THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763- WHERE THE BRITISH ATTEMPT TO “HEM” IN THE
COLONIALS –RESTRICT THEM FROM MOVING INTO AND OVER THE APPALACHIANS AFTER
****PONTIAC’S REBELLION (OCCURS JUST AFTER THE END OF THE F &I WAR) ---This will ALSO lead to
continued conflicts until the Indian Removal Act of 1830---and the Trail of Tears commencing in 183839. THIS IS VERY SIGNIFICANT DUE TO TWO RELATED DEVELOPMENTS: 1) THE INVENTION OF THE
COTTON GIN IN 1793 BY ELI WHITNEY (allows for the cotton revolution-1st Industrial Revolution in
Textile Manufacturing (cotton cloth) and 2) The Expansion of the Slave Labor System due to the spread
of Cotton being grown in the NEW LANDS OF THE SOUTHEAST NOW OPENED TO AMERICANS AFTER
THE DEFEAT OF THE NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE MANY TREATIES THAT OPEN UP THESE LANDS TO
SETTLEMENT.
AFTER BRADDOCK’S CRUSHING DEFEAT, 1755-56---MORE FAILURE FOR GREAT BRITAIN AND
THEIR COLONISTS
A failed invasion of Canada [TRIED TO ATTACK AT TOO MANY PLACES] led to a change in Great
Britain and a new leader emerges: ****William Pitt – “The Great Commoner” or “Organizer of Victory”
…as he is known. His NEW STRATEGY focuses on taking Quebec and Montreal as well as replacing older
Generals with younger more energetic Generals.. After taking Louisbourg … Their 1st major victory…he
plans for Quebec.****Turning
Point***
James Wolfe led the British forces against a supposedly impregnable Quebec and opposes General
Montcalm for the French (both die in the fierce fighting) on THE PLAINS OF ABRAHAM eventually the
British are victorious and in 1760 take MONTREAL… THIS EFFECTIVELY ENDS THE CONFLICT AND THE
PEACE IS SIGNED IN PARIS IN 1763. (Treaty of Paris, 1763, ends the F&I War- Treaty of Paris, 1783, ends
the American Revolution, which also becomes a WW)
THE BATTLE OF QUEBEC RANKS AS ONE OF THE MOST
SIGNIFICANT ENGAGEMENTS IN BRITISH AND AMERICAN
HISTORY!
EFFECTS: of end of F&I War…*****
-French Power is removed from North America (it will return during the revolution and regain control
of Louisiana from the Spanish under Napoleon around 1800)
- The French give control of Louisiana and New Orleans TO THE SPANISH***. (The Americans AND
NATIVE AMERICANS later will have to deal with both)
- The Spanish give the British Florida in return for the British giving them back Cuba.
-GREAT BRITAIN EMERGES AS THE DOMINANT POWER IN NORTH AMERICA !!
Restless Colonists***huge***
-The Colonists emerge with increased confidence in their military strength gaining valuable experience
officers and men alike… 20,000 Americans fought.
- ***A MYTH IS SHATTERED: The British ARE NOW SEEN AS “VULNERABLE” MILITARILY---“Guerilla
Warfare”.
- CONFLICT DEVELOPS BETWEEN THE COLONISTS AND BRITISH DURING THE WAR; British
arrogance towards the American colonists – “scum” “outhouse of civilization” Gen. Wolfe quote- “ in
general the dirtiest, most contemptible, cowardly dogs that you can conceive.” Hmmm….too bad he
dies  “Treasonable Trade” carried on by some colonists during the war also led to conflict…as well
some areas not supplying troops and $$$ for the Conflict… and asked to reimbursed for their
expenses…some 900,000 pounds sterling,,, “IF THE AMERICANS HAD TO BE BRIBED TO DEFEND
THEMSELVES WOULD THEY EVER UNITE?”
however… 
-The colonists saw themselves as hard working, energetic, and the cutting edge of a forward
thinking unique civilization… A CIVILIZATION, LESS CORRUPT THAN THAT IN ENGLAND…BETTER
THAN ENGLAND…
- inter-colonial disunity does appear …enormous distances, geographical barriers, conflicting religions,
varied nationalities, differing types of colonial government, boundary disputes and resentment of the
backcountry settlers against aristocratic eastern colonial elites…YET…unity does get stronger
due to: soldiers and statesmen’s experiences meeting [ALBANY PLAN OF UNION] and fighting together
and discovered that they were all AMERICANS who shared a common language and shared common
ideals…BARRIERS OF DISUNITY BEGAN TO MELT…a coherent nation would have to struggle to emerge
through FIRE.
Americans : A People of Destiny ****huge****
-American attitudes change after the French threat is removed… now feel safe to expand… WITH A NEW
SPIRIT OF INDEPENDENCE..
-The French now just wait for their opportunity to fight the British again…(it will come during the
revolution…for WITHOUT THE AID OF THE FRENCH WE DO NOT WIN OUR INDEPENDENCE !!!!!
- “in a sense the HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES began with the fall of quebec and montreal.”
- Future menaces [Spanish and Indian] are reduced, however…SPAIN -loses Florida for a while…but
now is in control in New Orleans and Louisiana on our future SW border …and CONTROLS THE
MISSISSPPI RIVER…which will cause future problems for the USA…also has begun to settle in Texas, New
Mexico, and California.
INDIANS- lost their ability to play the European powers off each other and was a continuation of many
wars that decimated many interior tribes by these wars.. now the Indians would have to deal exclusively
with the British (Spanish-French much later (1800) then Americans) which becomes disastrous for their
future. PONTIAC’S UPRISING- The Ottawa chief led several tribes and begins in 1763 to attempt to drive
the British out of Ohio Country…they take Detroit and most posts along the frontier… over 2,000 are
killed. BRITISH REACTION IS KEY !!!! 1- they use biological warfare, blankets are given to the Indians
infested with smallpox… AND 2- THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763- A LINE IS DRAWN ALONG
THE APP . MTNS – THE COLONISTS ARE FORBIDDEN FROM SETTLING PAST THIS LINE ….and 3)- the
British send more troops to the colonies to keep the peace with the Indians (WHICH COSTS $$$ - WHO
WOULD PAY? THE COLONISTS ARE ASKED TO DO SO – THIS IS THE FIRST ACTTION
(PROC. 1763) OF A NEW COLONIAL POLICY (NCP)******WHICH
ULTIMATELY BRINGS REVOLUTION )
- COLONISTS REACTION TO THE PROCLAMATION OF 1763- beginning a series of actions and reactions
that leads to revolution…. From Salisbury, NC in 1765 Daniel Boone (already had led settlers to modern
day Tenn and KY) led over a thousand wagons to the “West” – a direct action of disobedience !
DEFIANCE NOT DEFERENCE
The Americans felt that they had won this land with their BLOOD- AND SPECULATORS (like the
FFV’s) wanted to take this valuable resource…
This action FORESHADOWS TROUBLE !!
- The F&I war also shaped a NEW VISION OF DESTINY for the colonists…. THEY WERE NO MOOD TO BE
RESTRAINED !!!
-THE SNOBBISH ARROGANT BRITISH WERE IN NO MOOD TO BE DEFIED BY THEIR “POSESSION” THE
COLONIES….
-THE STAGE WAS SET FOR A VIOLENT FAMILY QUARREL !!!
Remember however that 99% of the colonists will remain LOYAL to
Britain until the Dec. of Independence is signed and even then it is
a minority who become PATRIOTS… “NEVER HAVE SO MANY
OWED SO FEW”