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S-8, Exercise 1, Coordination and Subordination
Multiple Choice
Each of the following items contains two or more sentences that can be combined. Select
the revision that makes sense and uses coordination or subordination correctly.
1. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat. People with bulimia nervosa may go
on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.
a. If people with anorexia nervosa refuse to eat, people with bulimia nervosa may go on
an eating binge and then induce vomiting.
b. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat, whereas people with bulimia nervosa
may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.
c. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat because people with bulimia nervosa
may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.
ANS: b
REF: The correct answer is b.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
2
2. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental
disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year.
Cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.
a. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental
disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; as a
result, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.
b. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental
disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year, so
cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.
c. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental
disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; in
addition, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
3. Side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction. These
drugs can save lives.
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a. When the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual
dysfunction, these drugs can save lives.
b. Side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction;
obviously, these drugs can save lives.
c. Although the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual
dysfunction, these drugs can save lives.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
4. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient’s head.
This treatment was supposed to release evil spirits. Three treatments replaced the hole
drilling. These were organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.
a. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient’s head to
release evil spirits; eventually, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic
treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.
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b. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient’s head,
which was supposed to release evil spirits; nevertheless, three treatments replaced the
hole drilling, and these were organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.
c. Even though Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the
patient’s head to release evil spirits, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic
treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.
ANS: a
REF: The correct answer is a.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
5. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago. It
took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.
a. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago; in
fact, it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.
b. Since our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years
ago, it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.
c. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago, yet
it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.
5
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
6. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn. Then
they wove the yarn into cloth. Humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and
polyester—as the basis for cloth.
a. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn, and
they wove the yarn into cloth; but even so, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon,
Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth.
b. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and
then wove the yarn into cloth; finally, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron,
and polyester—as the basis for cloth.
c. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and
then wove the yarn into cloth, and therefore, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon,
Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth.
ANS: b
REF: The correct answer is b.
6
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
7. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par. Par is the standard number of
strokes for the hole. An eagle is a score of two strokes under par.
a. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for
the hole), and an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.
b. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par, which is the standard number of
strokes for the hole, so an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.
c. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for
the hole); however, an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.
ANS: a
REF: The correct answer is a.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
7
8. The earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East. They were used for
irrigation.
a. Having been used for irrigation, the earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the
Middle East.
b. The earliest canals, which were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, were used for
irrigation.
c. The earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, but they were used for
irrigation.
ANS: b
REF: The correct answer is b.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
9. People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus. Parchment came along around 250
BC.
It is made of treated animal skin
a. Before parchment came along around 250 BC, people first wrote on clay tablets and on
papyrus; specifically, parchment is made of treated animal skin.
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b. People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus; nevertheless, papyrus came along
around 250 BC, and it is made of treated animal skin.
c. People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus until parchment, made of treated
animal skin, came along around 250 BC.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
10. Ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food. They also
used salt as a preservative.
a. Ancient people not only placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food but
also used salt as a preservative.
b. Ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food; therefore,
they used salt as a preservative.
c. Whereas ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food,
they used salt as a preservative.
ANS: a
REF: The correct answer is a.
9
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
S-8, Exercise 2, Coordination and Subordination
Multiple Choice
Each of the following items contains two or more sentences that can be combined. Select
the revision that makes sense and uses coordination or subordination correctly.
1. Use glass, plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food
in a microwave oven. Those materials will not break or release chemicals in high heat.
a. While those materials will not break or release chemicals in high heat, use glass,
plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food in a
microwave oven.
b. Use glass, plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food
in a microwave oven because those materials will not break or release chemicals in high
heat.
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c. Use glass, plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food
in a microwave oven; however, those materials will not break or release chemicals in
high heat.
ANS: b
REF: The correct answer is b.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
2. Many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs. Many American consumers use
echinacea and St. John’s wort.
a. Many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs, and many American consumers use
echinacea and St. John’s wort.
b. When many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs, many American consumers use
echinacea and St. John’s wort.
c. Although many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs, many American consumers
use Echinacea and St. John’s Wort.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
11
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
3. In tennis, scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game. Scores are
love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game.
a. In tennis, scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game, yet the
scores are love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game.
b. In tennis, the scores are love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game, even though
scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game.
c. In tennis, scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game; specifically,
scores are love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
12
4. The Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and 1944 because of World War
II. Those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.
a. The Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and 1944 because of World War
II; nevertheless, those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.
b. Because of World War II, the Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and
1944, so those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.
c. The Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and 1944 because of World War
II; therefore, those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.
ANS: a
REF: The correct answer is a.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
5. The horse trainer Tom Smith made a champion out of Seabiscuit. Smith had a
reputation for silence and for not giving up.
a. The horse trainer Tom Smith made a champion out of Seabiscuit, but Smith had a
reputation for silence and for not giving up.
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b. The horse trainer Tom Smith had a reputation for silence and for not giving up;
apparently, he made a champion out of Seabiscuit.
c. The horse trainer Tom Smith, who made a champion out of Seabiscuit, had a reputation
for silence and for not giving up.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
6. The 1990s were good to Steven Spielberg. He won Oscars for best director. The
awards were for Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan.
a. The 1990s were good to Steven Spielberg; in addition, he won Oscars for best director
for Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan.
b. The 1990s were good to Steven Spielberg; he won Oscars for best director for
Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan.
c. After he won Oscars for best director for Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan, the
1990s were good to Steven Spielberg.
ANS: b
REF: The correct answer is b.
14
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
7. A friend of mine eats too much cake and candy. She is going on a diet. She may lose
weight.
a. A friend of mine who eats too much cake and candy is going on a diet; as a result, she
may lose weight.
b. Before a friend of mine eats too much cake and candy, she is going on a diet so that
she may lose weight.
c. A friend of mine eats too much cake and candy, so she is going on a diet; in fact, she
may lose weight.
ANS: a
REF: The correct answer is a.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
15
8. Mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s. Many Irish, Germans, and
Scandinavians arrived.
a. Mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s; for example, many Irish,
Germans, and Scandinavians arrived.
b. Though mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s, many Irish,
Germans, and Scandinavians arrived.
c. Mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s, when many Irish,
Germans, and Scandinavians arrived.
ANS: c
REF: The correct answer is c.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
9. Heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali was stripped of his titles in 1967. He had been
convicted as a draft dodger.
a. After being convicted as a draft dodger, heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali was
stripped of his titles in 1967.
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b. Until he had been convicted as a draft dodger, heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali
was stripped of his titles in 1967.
c. Heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali was stripped of his titles in 1967, whereas he
had been convicted as a draft dodger.
ANS: a
REF: The correct answer is a.
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>
10. You started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s. Profits dropped drastically in 2000.
You probably had to lay off people and close the business.
a. You started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s, where profits dropped drastically in
2000; eventually, you probably had to lay off people and close the business.
b. If you started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s, you probably had to lay off people and
close the business when profits dropped drastically in 2000.
c. You started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s; even so, profits dropped drastically in
2000, and you probably had to lay off people and close the business.
ANS: b
REF: The correct answer is b.
17
In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.
<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbook_ebook/welco
me.asp?page=31>
In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.
<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-andsubordination.html>