Supporting Information for
Greenhouse gas emissions from the usage of typical e-products by households: a case study of China
Qingbin Song, Jinhui Li*
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
The supporting information mainly included 12 tables (background information on in-use stock, usage
information (usage time, lifetime and the power), main components of e-products, the electricity generation and
consumption, and the GHG emissions of e-products in China) and 3 figures (electricity composition, volume
prediction of e-products, and the past GHG emissions of e-products in China). The basic information mainly
refered to the Chinese statistical yearbook (2003-2012) (NBSC, 2013).
Most statistical information are from the
Table S1 Average usage time, lifetime and power of the e-products in Chinese household
Average weight
Usage time (h/d)
Categories
TV sets
Desktop PCs (67%)
Lifetime (year)
Average Power (W)
(kg)
On mode
Off mode
30
150
2.9
LCD(40%)
15
100
1.5
Mainframe
10
300
2.8
16
100
1.1
5
50
0.8
On mode
Off mode
4.0
20.0
CRT(60%)
CRT （40%）
4.0
8
20.0
5
LCD（60%）
Laptops (33%)
5.0
19
4
3.5
90
1.4
Refrigerators
16.0
8.0
9
45
40
1.0
10
25
400
1.0
10
51
800
1.7
Washing machines
0.5
Air conditioners
23.5
3
21
Table S2 Number of e-products owned per 100 urban households (units)
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Washing machines
94.4
95.9
95.5
96.8
96.8
94.7
96
96.9
97.1
98
Refrigerators
88.7
90.2
90.7
91.8
95
93.6
95.4
96.6
97.2
98.5
TV sets
130.5
133.4
134.8
137.4
137.8
132.9
135.7
137.4
135.2
136.1
Air Conditioners
61.8
69.8
80.7
87.8
95.1
100.3
106.8
112.1
122
126.8
PCs
27.8
33.1
41.5
47.2
53.8
59.3
65.7
71.2
81.9
87
Table S3 Number of e-products owned per 100 rural households (units)
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Washing machines
34.3
37.3
40.2
43
45.9
49.1
53.1
57.3
62.6
67.2
Refrigerators
15.9
17.8
20.1
22.5
26.1
30.2
37.1
45.2
61.5
67.3
TV sets
3.5
4.7
6.4
7.3
8.5
9.8
12.2
16
22.6
25.4
Air Conditioners
67.8
75.1
84.1
89.4
94.4
99.2
108.9
111.8
115.5
116.9
PCs
1.4
1.9
2.1
2.7
3.7
5.4
7.5
10.4
18
21.4
Table S4 Total number of e-products in Chinese households (million units)
Year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Washing machines
244.53
259.02
269.84
283.49
295.19
302.13
317.86
333.41
348.96
364.24
Refrigerators
189.28
201.42
212.8
225.71
246.01
257
281.03
306.57
346.85
365.6
TV sets
494.67
509.55
499.08
510.4
515.15
515.29
541.69
552.76
549.5
557.59
Air Conditioners
113.09
133.7
161.72
182.32
205.61
224.16
249.39
276.84
319.73
343.78
PCs
50.44
62.6
80.3
95.12
113.76
131.63
153.4
176.35
220.63
244.1
2004
2003
Table S5 Main components of the dismantled desktop PC device
Desktop
CRT screen
LCD screen
Categories
Mass（kg）
Percentage
Iron housing
4.95
47.28%
Plastic housing
0.16
1.53%
Printed Wiring Board
0.66
6.30%
CD-ROM/DVD ROM
0.75
7.16%
Power supply unit
1.62
15.47%
Hard disk
0.55
5.25%
Cable
0.14
1.34%
Radiator (Al)
0.57
5.44%
Fan
0.07
0.67%
Packing
1.00
9.55%
Total
10.47
100.00%
Iron
0.58
3.57%
Deflecting coil
0.79
4.87%
Plastic housing
2.14
13.19%
Printed wiring board
1.10
6.78%
Cable
0.74
4.56%
Cathode ray tube
9.48
58.41%
Packaging
1.40
8.63%
Total
16.23
100.00%
Plastic housing
1.75
25.64%
Iron
2.02
29.60%
Printed wiring board
0.42
6.15%
Cable
0.15
2.20%
LCD panel
1.66
24.32%
Packing
0.83
12.09%
Total
6.83
100.00%
Table S6 Electricity generation in China (TWh)
Categories
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
Hydropower
861
699
722
616
585
485
436
397
354
284
Coal-fired power
3856
3834
3332
2983
2790
2723
2370
2047
1796
1580
Nuclear power
97
86
74
70
68
62
55
53
51
43
Wind power
124
70
45
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
4938
4713
4207
3715
3467
3282
2866
2500
2203
1911
Table S7 Number of e-products owned per 100 urban households in different provinces (units)
Provinces
Washing machines
Refrigerators
Air conditioners
TV sets
PCs
Average
98
98
136
87
127
Beijing
101
103
137
115
163
Tianjin
101
106
113
104
128
Hebei
95
90
76
100
65
Shanxi
95
73
61
92
38
Inner Mongolia
90
93
61
81
14
Liaoning
90
93
76
90
26
Jilin
93
87
62
94
17
Heilongjiang
89
83
62
82
14
Shanghai
99
106
186
150
190
Jiangsu
98
96
143
117
142
Zhejiang
87
99
155
132
146
Anhui
77
88
88
101
71
Fujian
89
101
125
121
134
Jiangxi
60
84
86
102
68
Shandong
93
95
76
101
74
Henan
96
78
75
96
70
Hubei
82
91
86
99
86
Hunan
78
86
70
95
69
Guangdong
84
88
113
116
163
Guangxi
63
78
65
106
67
Hainan
46
59
65
82
48
Chongqing
83
90
89
92
103
Sichuan
84
83
68
94
58
Guizhou
81
64
43
87
11
Yunnan
74
55
48
90
5
Xizang
42
45
29
98
4
Shaanxi
94
75
66
100
66
Gansu
87
55
42
91
10
Qinghai
93
87
51
83
6
Ningxia
94
77
52
94
13
Xinjiang
86
81
48
86
13
Table S8 Number of e-products owned per 100 rural households in different provinces (units)
Provinces
Average
Washing machines
Refrigerators
Air conditioners
TV sets
PCs
67
67
25
117
21
Beijing
99
103
113
136
67
Tianjin
100
97
75
125
44
Hebei
94
83
42
122
30
Shanxi
87
53
8
109
28
Inner Mongolia
80
84
1
106
11
Liaoning
81
82
2
112
20
Jilin
89
79
1
117
21
Heilongjiang
83
76
0
109
19
Shanghai
90
101
136
190
49
Jiangsu
91
87
91
144
45
Zhejiang
73
96
102
172
48
Anhui
60
80
38
116
14
Fujian
70
92
53
138
36
Jiangxi
28
74
21
120
13
Shandong
86
84
27
114
32
Henan
93
67
37
111
20
Hubei
62
80
33
116
20
Hunan
62
77
24
111
12
Guangdong
55
66
55
118
32
Guangxi
36
61
10
110
12
Hainan
18
34
13
99
8
Chongqing
63
78
29
108
15
Sichuan
73
71
14
107
10
Guizhou
70
45
1
96
5
Yunnan
58
35
1
102
6
Xizang
28
33
0
106
1
Shaanxi
89
54
12
114
18
Gansu
80
33
0
106
11
Qinghai
88
79
2
107
9
Ningxia
92
61
1
123
15
Xinjiang
77
69
1
97
12
Table S9 Number of e-products owned per 100 different income ranking households (units)
Lowest
Low
income
Categories
income 10%
Middle
Upper
High
Highest
income
Middle
income
income
20%
20%
10%
10%
Lower middle
income
10%
20%
Washing machines
89
95
97
99
100
101
104
Refrigerators
81
93
97
100
102
104
108
TV sets
112
121
127
135
143
154
168
Air Conditioners
47
77
99
125
151
181
224
PCs
43
65
77
86
98
111
132
Table S10 Unit energy consumption of five e-products
Categories
Unit energy consumption (kWh/year)
On mode
Off mode
Total
CRT(60%)
219
21
240
LCD(40%)
146
11
157
Desktop
Mainframe
438
21
459
PCs
CRT （40%）
146
6
152
LCD（60%）
73
8
81
Laptops (33%)
164
10
174
Refrigerators
234
3
237
Washing machines
73
9
82
Air conditioners
876
13
889
TV sets
(67%)
Table S11 GHG emissions per household per year in urban and rural regions in 2012 (kg CO2 eq)
Category
Urban area
Rural area
Average
TV set
300.51
261.20
280.71
Desktop PC
354.28
87.14
221.63
Laptop
53.95
13.27
33.47
Refrigerator
249.20
170.27
209.48
Washing machine
85.52
58.64
71.99
Air conditioner
1205.48
241.48
720.40
Total
2248.93
832.00
1537.68
Table S12 Unit energy consumption of energy star TV sets in 2012
Usage time (h/d)
LCD TV
CRT TV
Countires
On mode
Off mode
On mode
Off mode
Total
On mode
Off mode
Total
China
4
20
76.3
2.52
78.82
74.2
4.12
78.32
Australia
6.5
17.5
111.5
2.20
113.7
110.8
3.60
114.4
Canada
4.5
19.5
90.0
2.46
92.46
-
-
0
Europe
4
20
64.4
2.52
66.92
-
-
0
India
3.5
20.5
60.1
2.58
62.68
59.7
4.22
63.92
Japan
4.5
19.5
73.2
2.46
75.66
-
-
0
Korea
6
18
103.0
2.27
105.27
102.3
3.80
106.1
Mexico
4
20
70.1
2.52
72.62
70.9
4.22
75.12
Russia
4
20
68.7
2.52
71.22
71.1
4.22
75.32
South Africa
4
20
70.2
2.52
72.72
68.8
4.22
73.02
90%
82.7%
81.9%
81.5%
82.7%
83.0%
80.5%
80.3%
80%
81.3%
79.2%
78.1%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 14.9%
10%
16.1%
15.9%
2.3%
2.3%
15.2%
2.1%
14.8%
1.9%
1.9%
16.9%
17.2%
16.6%
2.0%
1.9%
14.8%
1.8% 1.1%
17.4%
1.8% 1.5%
2.0% 2.5%
0%
2003
2004
2005
2006
Hydropower
2007
Coal-fired power
2008
2009
Nuclear power
2010
2011
Wind power
Fig.S1 Electricity composition in China
400
350
Millions Units
300
y = 12.939x - 25674
R² = 0.9943
250
200
150
100
50
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
（a）Washing machines
400
Millions Units
350
300
250
y = 19.701x - 39287
R² = 0.9633
200
150
100
50
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(b) Refrigerators
2012
600
Millions Units
500
400
y = 7.3232x - 14177
R² = 0.8948
300
200
100
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(c) TV sets
350
Millions Units
300
y = 25.295x - 50559
R² = 0.991
250
200
150
100
50
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
（d）Air conditioners
250
y = 21.346x - 42719
R² = 0.972
Millions Units
200
150
100
50
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
(e) PCs
Fig.S2 Volume prediction of e-products in Chinese households
800
689
Million tons CO2 eq
700
647
575
600
528
500
451
379
400
310
480
413
343
300
200
100
0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Fig.S3 GHG emissions of household e-products from 2003-2012
References:
NBSC (National Bureau of Statistics of China), 2013. Chinese statistical yearbook (2003-2012).
http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2013/indexch.htm.
Song, Q., Wang, Z., Li, J., Yuan, W., 2012b. Life cycle assessment of desktop PCs in Macau. The International Journal
of Life Cycle Assessment 18, 553-566.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 2015. Standby Power. http://standby.lbl.gov/summary-table.html .
SEAD
(Super-efficient
Equipment
and
Appliance
Deployment),
2015.
http://www.superefficient.org/en/Resources/Product%20Technical%20Analyses.aspx
Product
Technical
Analyses.