HS 20 – Miss Weir
TREATMENT OPTIONS
What is treatment?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Types of Treatment:
_____________________ treatment: Therapy that eases the symptoms without addressing the
basic cause of the disease.
 Sometimes called _____________________ treatment
 For example: For advanced lung cancer that has metastasized pain management will be
provided but will not get rid of the disease
_____________ treatment: Treatment directed immediately to the cure of the disease or injury.
____________________________ treatment: designed to avoid radical medical therapeutic
measures or operative procedures
________________________ treatment: usually highly invasive and difficult for the patient;
ethics come into consideration when making a decision regarding this extreme treatment
Treatment Options Used
High Blood Pressure
Treatment Plan for High Blood Pressure
The first step often includes ________________________ changes such as:

_______________________________

Being physically active

Maintaining a ____________________________

Limiting alcohol intake

Managing and coping with ______________
HS 20 – Miss Weir
 If the high blood pressure continues after lifestyle changes have been made the physician
may ____________________________________________
 Blood pressure medicines work in different ways to ____________ or _____________
some of the body’s functions that cause high blood pressure
 Even if medication is prescribed the patient must also keep up the healthier lifestyle
choices
Kidney Disease/Failure
Kidney Disease:
 Most diseases of the kidney attack the filtering units of the kidneys—the _____________
 Disease damages their ability to ________________ wastes and excess fluids.
 This means high and life threatening levels of waste products and chemicals are in the
body
 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage, or a
decreased level of kidney function, for a period of three months or more
Kidney Failure:
 Is when your kidneys stop working well enough for you to live without dialysis or
a kidney transplant
 In most cases, kidney failure is _______________________.
 Kidney failure is the ____________________ level of kidney disease
 __________________ and _______ blood pressure cause most cases of kidney failure
 However the following can also be causes:
- Autoimmune diseases
- Genetic diseases
- Injuries
- Some medicines or other drugs
HS 20 – Miss Weir
Symptoms of Kidney Disease:
 Symptoms of kidney failure are due to the build-up of waste products in the body
 In its early stages CKD produces very few if any symptoms
 Develops so slowly that many people are unaware of it until the disease
is _________________________ and must be rushed to the hospital for life-saving
dialysis.
 CKD is __________________
In some cases some symptoms may become apparent. Some symptoms may include….

Passing too __________ or too _____________ urine

Nausea & vomiting

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

Unpleasant taste in the mouth and urine-like odor to the breath

Puffy eyes, hands & feet
Tests for Kidney Function:
 __________________________ (checks for blood or protein in the urine)
 ___________________________ (high blood pressure can indicate kidney disease)
 eGFR  estimates your glomerular ________________________
 If you suffer from kidney failure you may need 1 of 2 treatment options…
Treatment Plan for Kidney Disease/Failure
1) ___________________________
 Used primarily as an ___________________________________________ for kidney
function in people with kidney failure
 Is the artificial process of removing waste and excess water from the blood
 Dialysis is necessary when the kidneys are not able to adequately ________________ the
blood.
 Without dialysis the amount of waste products in the blood would increase and reach
levels that would cause ____________ and ______________.
HS 20 – Miss Weir
2) _____________________________
 This is often the best treatment option for kidney failure
 A person of any ________ can receive a kidney transplant
 Once a transplant has taken place the patient must take medication to ensure the body
does not ______________________________________
Cancer
Treatment Plan for Cancer:
1) ____________________________________
 the treatment of disease, especially cancer, using _____________ or similar forms of
radiation
 uses high-energy radiation to ________________________________________________
 About ___________ of all cancer patients receive some type of radiation therapy
sometime during the course of their treatment.
How does radiation kill the cancer cells?
 Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by damaging their _____________
 Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged beyond repair
_____________________________________.
 When the damaged cells die, they are broken down and eliminated by the body’s natural
processes.
When is radiation used?
 Is sometimes given with ____________________ intent (with the hope that the treatment
will cure a cancer)
 In such cases, radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination with surgery,
chemotherapy, or both.
 Radiation therapy may also be given with ___________________ intent.
 **Note: Palliative  improves the quality of life for a patient facing a life-threatening
illness.
HS 20 – Miss Weir
 Palliative treatments are not intended to cure. Instead, they _______________ symptoms
and reduce the suffering caused by cancer.
2) _________________________________
 The treatment of disease by the use of ____________________ substances, especially the
treatment of cancer
 Usually used if your cancer is likely to spread in the future or if it has already spread
How does chemotherapy work?
 Circulates throughout your body in the bloodstream therefore it is a
_________________________ treatment because it can treat cancer cells almost
anywhere in the body
 Whereas surgery & radiation are _____________ treatments as they only treat a specific
area
 Sometimes cancer cells break away from a tumor.
 They may travel to other parts of your body through your bloodstream or lymphatic
system
 The cells may settle in other parts of your body and develop into new tumors.
 These are called _____________________________________________________
 The drugs circulate in the ______________________ around the body to treat any cancer
cells that have spread.
Reasons for Chemotherapy:
 To __________________ a cancer before surgery or radiotherapy
 To try to stop cancer coming back after surgery or radiotherapy
 As a treatment on its own, if your type of cancer is very sensitive to it
 To treat cancer that has _________________ from where it first started
**NOTE: not all cancers respond to chemo
HS 20 – Miss Weir
Career Profile  Oncologist
 An oncologist is a doctor who specializes in ___________________________________.
 The three main types of oncologists are medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists.
 These different types of oncologists often work together to treat a person with cancer.
Surgery
 The specialty of medicine that treats diseases and disorders by ___________________,
________________________ or ____________________ the body with an operative
procedure
 Performed by a ________________  a physician with specialized training in operative
procedures
 There are many surgical specialties providing treatment in all areas of the human body
including the heart, brain, and bones.
 Surgeries can be minor outpatient procedures or major procedures such as a heart
transplant
Types of Surgery:
 __________________________________ requires that you stay in the hospital for a day
or more so the doctors and nurses can monitor your recovery
 ____________________________________, you will go home the same day
 _____________________________________ is surgery that is scheduled in advance
because it does not involve a medical emergency
 _____________________________________ can wait until the patient is medically
stable, but should generally be done today or tomorrow
 ______________________________________ is one that must be performed without
delay; the patient has no choice other than immediate surgery, if they do not want to risk
permanent disability or death
When is surgery necessary?
 There are situations where surgery is nearly impossible to avoid.
HS 20 – Miss Weir
 For example if your appendix is inflamed and about to rupture, surgery is the only
treatment.
 The same is true for badly broken bones and medical emergencies.
 Outside of emergencies, most patients benefit from starting with the
_______________________________________treatments and only having surgery as a
last resort.
 An example would be a shoulder injury, the least invasive treatment would be antiinflammatory drugs and pain medicine, then physical/occupational therapy with surgery
as a last resort.
Fractures
 Fracture  ___________________________________________________________
 An X-ray will be taken to ________________ the fracture and determine the
___________ of fracture
 In most situations a splint or cast will be recommended
Function of a Cast:
 They keep broken or injured bones from __________________ so they can heal properly.
 They support the __________________ of injured limbs to help reduce pain and swelling
Treatment Plan for Fractures
Primary Casting
 Depending on the type and severity of the fracture a back-slab or a partial cast may be
applied to stabilize and support the fracture and surrounding muscles and allowing for
any further swelling. Could also be a _____________.
 The cast should be easy to remove if necessary. This is known as
________________________________________
 This step may not always be performed
Secondary Casting
 intended to provide ____________ support for the injury throughout the healing process.
 A further x-ray may be requested to ensure good bone alignment before the application of
a full cast
HS 20 – Miss Weir
 If a fracture is severe enough it may require
____________________________________ which means surgery
 Bone fracture repair is a surgery to fix a broken bone using metal
screws, pins, rods, or plates to hold the bone in place
 This is done when a broken bone does not or would not heal
properly with casting or splinting alone.
 Can occur in cases when bone is sticking through the skin
(_______________________________) and fractures that involve ______________,
such as wrists and ankles.
Organ Transplant
 ________________________________________________________________________
 Can also be from a donor site to another location on the person's own body
 Done to replace the recipient's _________________ or ______________ organ
When is an organ transplant necessary?
 When the recipient’s organ has _________________ or has been __________________
by disease or injury
 If the organ is incapable of functioning on its own and the patient is at risk of _________
 The ________________ is the most commonly transplanted organ
 Next is the _____________
 These are followed by _____________________________________________________
 Most commonly transplanted tissue is the _____________, the transparent covering over
the eye. A transplanted cornea can restore sight to someone blinded by an accident,
infection or disease.
 Donated ____________________ can be used as grafts for burn victims or for
reconstruction after surgery.
 Donated ____________ can replace cancerous bones and help prevent amputation of an
arm or leg.
 Donated _____________ can be used in cardiac bypass surgery.
HS 20 – Miss Weir
Issues with Organ Transplants:
 It is not uncommon for the human body to ______________ a donated organ
 Organ transplant recipients often have to be on medication called
______________________________________ or anti-rejecting drugs
 Patients will take this medication for the rest of their life in hopes that rejection will not
occur.
Treatment Options Summary
 In any case it is important to weigh all your options when it comes to choosing a
treatment
 It is important that patients seek advice from both medical doctors as well as their
_____________________________ (family, spouse, friends, etc.)
 If time allows it is a good idea to get a _______________________________
 The treatments we have considered today would all be examples of
_________________________________________