ESPS Fall Final Study Guide
KEY
Name:_______________________________________________ Period: ___________ Date: _____________
1. List the steps of the Scientific Method.
OBSERVATION – HYPOTHESIS – EXPERIMENT – COLLECT & ANALYSE DATA –
CONCLUSION  HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED – TEST FURTHER TO DEVELOP THEORY;
NOT SUPPORTED REVISE HYPOTHESIS & REPEAT STEPS
2. Define independent and dependent variable.
INDEPENDENT– WHAT CAUSE THE CHANGE YOU ARE MEASURING IN AN EXPERIMENT
DEPENDENT – WHAT YOU ARE MEASURING IN AN EXPERIMENT
3. Why do you need control in an experiment?
SO THAT YOU HAVE A STANDARD TO COMPARE THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS TO
4. Name two reasons the sun’s energy is important to life on Earth.
HEAT, PLANT LIFE, LIGHT
5. List the planets in our solar system in order from the closet to the sun to the furthest
MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH, MARS, JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS, NEPTUNE
6. What are the terrestrial planets? What are the characteristics of a terrestrial planet?
M, V, E, MARS –DENSE, SMALL, SOLID ROCKY SURFACES
7. What are the Gas Giants? What are the characteristics of Gas Giants?
J, S, U, N – DEEP MASSIVE GASEOUS ATOMSPHERE, MANY SATELLITES, RINGS
8. How do the masses of two objects affect the gravitational force between them?
LARGER THE OBJECTS = GREATER GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
9. What would happen to the Earth without the gravitational pull of the sun? (hint: the Earth moves in a
curved orbit around the sun)
IT WOULD TRAVEL IN A STRAIGHT LINE
10. What is the hydrosphere?
WATER ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE
11. Why do more objects from space strike Mercury than Earth?
MERCURY HAS NO ATMOSPHERE – THEY BURN UP IN OURS
12. What is a dwarf planet? Name 2 dwarf planets in our solar system. Where are they located?
ORBITS SUN – ROUND DUE TO GRAVITY – HAS NOT CLEARED OTHER OBJECTS FROM
ITS ORBITAL PATH
13. All Gas Giants have ___________ and ___________. RINGS AND SATELLITES
14. How was the geocentric model of the universe different from our current model?
EARTH AT THE CENTER
15. How did the moon form? Where did it come from?
LARGE OBJECT COLLIDED WITH EARTH – PIECE OF EARTH BROKE OFF AND WAS
CONTAINED BY EARTH GRAVITATION PULL
16. What are the 3 factors that affect how bright a star is?
DISTANCE FROM EARTH/ TEMPERATURE/ SIZE
17. List the 6 layers of the sun
CORONA/RADIATIVE ZONE/CORE/CONVECTIVE ZONE/CHROMOSPHERE/PHOTOSPHERE
18. What are the 3 basic colors of stars? List them in order from coolest to hottest.
RED/YELLOW/BLUE
19. Once a supernova has occurred, what the two possible outcomes? (hint: what new item can form)
BLACK HOLE OR NEUTRON STAR
20. What does the H-R Diagram display? (hint: What are on each axis)
EMPERATURE VS MAGNITUDE (BRIGHTNESS) OF STAR
21. What are the 3 possible futures of the universe? How does the amount of matter affect these
possibilities?
 KEEP EXPANDING FOREVER
 SLOW DOWN GRADUALLY AND APPROACH LIMIT SIZE
 START COLLAPSING
22. Why do S-waves not travel through the outer core?
OUTER CORE – LIQUID……. S WAVES WON’T TRAVEL THROUGH LIQUID
23. What type of plate boundary occurs at mid ocean ridges?
DIVERGING PLATE BOUNDARIES – RIFT VALLEY
24. What are the 2 types of crust?
OCEANIC & CONTINTENTIAL
25. The amount of energy released by an earthquake is measured by what scale?
RITCHER SCALE
26. The youngest rock layers are at the _________________ of a rock formation
TOP
27. Plates slide past one another at what type of plate boundary?
TRANSFORM FAULT
28. List the 3 layers of the Earth’s interior from coolest to hottest.
CRUST – MANTLE - CORE
29. What does the Continental Drift Hypothesis say? Who developed this hypothesis?
ALL CONTINENTS USED TO BE TOGETHER (PANGEA) – DRIFTED TO PRESENT
POSITIONS. ALFRED WEGENER
30. Where is new crust forming?
MID OCEAN RIDGES
31. How many seismographs are required to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter?
3
32. ________________________ waves cause the Earth to vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction that
the wave is moving.
LONGITUDINAL - PRIMARY
33. Where is the epicenter of an earthquake?
POINT ON EARTH’S SURFACE DIRECTLY ABOVE FOCUS POINT (WHERE EQ
ORGINATED)
34. 75% of the Earth’s active volcanos are located in an area known as the
_________________________________________.
RING OF FIRE
35. Describe the difference between a P-wave and an S-Wave.
P WAVE IS A LONGINTUDINAL WAVE IN WHICH THE ENERGY TRAVELS PARALLEL TO
THE PARTICALS – COMPRESSES & EXTENDS AS IT TRAVELS
S WAVE IS A TRASNVERSE WAVE IN WHICH THE ENERGY TRAVELS PERPENDICULAR
TO THE PARTICLES – THINK OF “THE WAVE” DONE IN ARENAS
36. Label the tectonic plates:
TECTONIC PLATES:
1. EURASIAN PLATE
2. SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE
3. AFRICAN PLATE
4. NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
5. PACIFIC PLATE
6. AUSTRALIAN - INDIAN PLATE
7. JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
8. NAZCA PLATE
9. CARIBBEAN PLATE
10. ARABIAN PLATE
11. PHILLIPPINE PLATE
12. COCOS PLATE
13. ANTARCTICA PLATE
Convert the following to Scientific Notation:
37. 100,549,000
1.00549 x 108
38. 0.254806
2.54806 x 10-1
39. 5.24
5.24 x 100
Convert the following to Standard Notation:
40. 9.567 x 10-6
0.000009567
41. 8.504 x 109
8,504,000,000
42. 3.227 x 100
3.227
Calculate the following:
43. (2.89 x 105) x (7.26 x 107)
20.98 x 1012  2.098 x 1013
44. (9.548 x 109) x (6.47 x 10-2)
61.78 x 107  6.178 x 108
45. (8.723 x 10-6) / (5.34 x 106)
1.63 x 10-12
46. (1.57 x 102) x (6.3 x 108)
0.25 x 10 -6  2.5 x 10 -7
Convert the following to desired units:
47. 659mL = ______________ L
0.659 L
48. 423,240cg = _____________kg
4.2324kg
49. 95,005,320s = _______________ yr
3.013yrs
Solve the following problems:
50. If a boy is driving at a speed of 165km/h. How long will it take him to travel 5000m?
0.03h
51. A plane is traveling at a speed of 15000m/s. How far will the plane have traveled after 2.5 hours?
135,000,000s
52. At what speed is a duck swimming if it crosses a 350m lake in 30mins? (Provide your answer in m/s)
0.194m/s