Disability White Paper Consultation
Submission from Inclusion BC
March 2014
BC Provincial Disability White Paper Consultation
Submission from Inclusion BC
March 2014
Contents
About Inclusion BC
Framework of the submission
A Rights-Based Approach
Core values and principles
Recommendations:
1. Innovation in disability services and more freedom for persons living with
disabilities
2. Personal supports, aids and devices
3. Work and contribution
4. Housing and accessibility
5. Social networks
6. Asset accumulation through the Registered Disability Savings Plan
Conclusion
About Inclusion BC
1
Inclusion BC is a provincial non-profit organization of individuals, families and over 70
member organizations committed to advancing rights, building awareness and inspiring
action to ensure full rights, citizenship and inclusion for people with developmental
disabilities. We are a federation working with partners to build community and to enhance
the lives of children and youth with special needs, adults with developmental disabilities,
and their families.
Formerly the BC Association for Community Living, Inclusion BC reflects the long and proud
legacy of the community living movement in British Columbia – of the parents who
organized to educate their children when the doors of public schools were closed to them,
and of the families that worked to shut down the institutions which labeled, marginalized
and oppressed people with developmental disabilities in British Columbia. The parents who
dreamed of a better life for their sons and daughters founded Inclusion BC. They wanted
their children to learn in school, have friends, and be welcome in their communities. A
snapshot of key moments in the history of individuals, families and Inclusion BC can be seen
in the Over the Years timeline, on page 18.
Over the past 59 years, Inclusion BC has grown to include numerous member agencies,
families and individuals, all committed to making sure that people with developmental
disabilities are supported to enjoy their right to lead active and productive lives in their
communities. Advocacy support, education and training, network support, systems change,
advancing rights, social justice and public awareness are the cornerstones of Inclusion BC’s
work. We are the provincial affiliate of our national federation, the Canadian Association
for Community Living (CACL), and through it, Inclusion International – reflecting the
grassroots to global span of the community inclusion movement, in British Columbia and
beyond.
Framework of the submission
This submission sets out Inclusion BC’s response to the province’s Disability White Paper
consultation. The consultation aims to examine a framework which would enable British
Columbia to become the most progressive jurisdiction in Canada for people with disabilities
and their families, a goal that we share. The province has enumerated four key questions
which we examine in this submission:
1. Why do you think it is important that we reduce barriers and increase accessibility
for people living with disabilities in BC?
2. What can British Columbians do to welcome the contributions of people with
disabilities and what barriers can we remove?
3. What would make it easier for people with disabilities to work or contribute to the
community? What needs to be in place?
2
4. What would BC look like as the most progressive place in Canada for people and
families living with disabilities?
Participants are invited to examine up to six areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
innovation in disability services and more freedom for persons living with disabilities
personal supports and aids and devices,
work and contribution, housing and accessibility,
social networks and
asset accumulation through the registered disability savings plan using these key
questions.
Inclusion BC welcomes the province’s consultation process and the opportunity to submit
this paper, as there are many critical questions and important issues to examine to ensure a
truly inclusive life for all people with disabilities in British Columbia.
A Rights-Based Approach: The UN Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities
There has been a significant paradigm shift over the last 20 years in attitudes and
approaches to persons with developmental disabilities. This is a shift away from
segregation, institutionalization and labeling towards recognizing human rights, prioritizing
social justice and human potential, centering on the individual person, full citizenship,
community inclusion, contribution, and deepening relationships and networks.
John Lord describes this as “The New Story,” with the person at the centre of their story
and their gifts and capabilities welcomed in their rightful place as a citizen. Their voice is
strong and supported to express what is most important to them. Approaches are personcentered and systems are flexible and responsive. To the contrary, approaches that are
deficit-based, opportunity poor, institutional in structure and thinking, and disempowering
fail individuals, families, and our society as a whole.
In 2010, Canada ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities. The UN Convention acknowledges a social model of disability, that it is
constructed in an interaction between a non-inclusive society and a person. Attitudinal and
environmental barriers hinder people with disabilities from “full and effective participation
in society on an equal basis with others.”
The UN writes that the Convention “takes to a new height the movement from viewing
persons with disabilities as ‘objects’ of charity, medical treatment and social protection
towards viewing persons with disabilities as ‘subjects’ with rights, who are capable of
claiming those rights and making decisions for their lives based on their free and informed
consent as well as being active members of society.”
3
The Convention gives universal recognition to the dignity and rights of persons with
disabilities. The principles of the Convention include:

Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make
one’s own choices, and independence of persons;

Non-discrimination;

Full and effective participation and inclusion in society;

Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human
diversity and humanity;

Equality of opportunity;

Accessibility;

Equality between men and women;

Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the
right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities.
Inclusion BC sees the UN Convention as a central, powerful and appropriate framework – in
line with Canada’s legal responsibilities and obligations – to apply when examining and
measuring the current status of supports and services for people with developmental
disabilities or envisioning a truly inclusive and progressive future.
Core Values and Principles
Inclusion BC is driven by organizational values and principles that focus on a rights-based,
social justice-oriented approach to building communities and societies that are truly
inclusive of people with developmental disabilities.
These organizational values guide the work of
Inclusion BC and the policy recommendations made
below in this paper. They include:

the assurance of life, dignity and respect for
all

that children are best nurtured by a family
that knows, loves and honours them for who
they are

that all children have the right to be educated
in regular classrooms with appropriate levels
of support
4

that adults have a right to choose where and with whom they will make a home

that relationships and friendships are essential to enrich our lives

that all people have the dignity of taking risks

that all individuals are entitled to enough money to have a reasonable quality of life

that all individuals are entitled to the services and supports required to ensure their
full participation in our society

that real work means real pay

that each person can determine their own needs and make their own decisions, and
when necessary, must receive the support to do so

that the involvement of families and support networks contributes to everyone's
safety and well-being

that services and supports must be delivered in a way that respects an individual's
diverse history, culture, race, religion and sexual orientation

that remembering and sharing our history will help guide and build our vision for the
future.
We draw upon these core values and principles in determining and shaping our
recommendations to this consultation process.
5
Recommendations
Inclusion BC’s recommendations are informed by the social policy positions developed by its
Board of Directors and on resolutions passed by voting members of Inclusion BC, as well as
current thinkers and policy makers in the disability sector.
1. Innovation in disability services and more freedom for
persons living with disabilities.
Innovation, the practice of applying new learnings and strategies to change systems, issues,
problems and routines, is a key principle in developing modern, responsive and personcentred supports and services for people with developmental disabilities in British
Columbia. In our province, innovation has always stemmed from the community: from the
families who first formed the community living movement when their children were
excluded from school, and then fought to free their children from institutions, to the self
advocates who demanded to be heard in their own voice and to determine their own
future, to the community organizations that innovate in practice on a daily basis and have
shaped internationally ground-breaking supports in housing, employment, and community
inclusion.
People with developmental disabilities face challenges as a result of a myriad of factors,
such as an inflexible and discriminatory medical model disability system, societal attitudes,
inappropriate supports and services, lack of real accommodation and government
bureaucracy and barriers.
Supporting innovation in British Columbia means supporting and empowering people with
developmental disabilities, families, and the community to innovate and move toward the
future with practices that are truly person centred and fully supported.
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) embraces the vision
of the community-based innovation that has driven the movement for disability justice in
British Columbia. Innovations can, should, and must, in the words of the Convention:

“recognize the need to promote and protect the human rights of all persons with
disabilities, including those who require more intensive support”;

“recognize the diversity of persons with disabilities”;

“Recognize the importance for persons with disabilities of their individual autonomy
and independence, including the freedom to make their own choices.”
6
The General Principles of the Convention underlie the necessary approach:

Respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make
one's own choices, and independence of persons;

Non-discrimination;

Full and effective participation and inclusion in society;

Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human
diversity and humanity;

Equality of opportunity;

Accessibility;

Equality between men and women;

Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the
right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities.
Signatories to the Convention, such as Canada, agree to take on the responsibility to:

“undertake or promote research and development of universally designed goods,
services, equipment and facilities...”;

“undertake or promote research and development of, and to promote the availability
and use of new technologies, including information and communications
technologies….for persons with disabilities”
In addition, as the core of innovation is to be found in further developing and meeting the
standards of the UN Convention in all areas of life, the basis of innovation in British
Columbia should rest on key principles of the UNCRPD, including the right to education, to
live independently and be included in the community, the right to life, the right to quality
and equal health, the right to free and equal participation in employment, the eradication
of poverty, and the rights of children, women, and minority groups who also have
disabilities.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Close all institutions. One of the primary achievements of innovation created by
families and self advocates, and the cornerstone of any vision of meaningful inclusion
for people with developmental disabilities in British Columbia, is
deinstitutionalization and ensuring that no new institutions, or institutional models,
are used or built. This principle applies equally to institutions operated by the
Ministry of Health or Health Authorities (eg, George Pearson Centre).
7
2. No new admissions. The Province of British Columbia must ensure that admissions to
George Pearson Centre and any similar institution are ended and that any
redevelopment on the site includes no institutional or congregate models in any form
but that all residents of George Pearson Centre are appropriately supported to live in
the community.
3. Adequate and timely funding. In order for innovation to truly blossom, resources
must be invested to ensure people are fully supported. All children, youth, adults
with developmental disabilities and their families in BC should receive adequate and
timely funding and support to be fully included in their community regardless of the
severity of their medical support or other needs, as an equal citizen.
4. Support community agencies. Community agencies have been and remain centres of
innovation since they were founded by small groups of parents seeking to break down
the barriers that denied their children education and locked them away in
institutions. Community agencies lead in developing truly person-centred,
individualized, diverse supports and services, and should be fully funded, honored
and supported to do so by the provincial government. Innovation must not be
sacrificed to inappropriate and ineffective procurement practices or other funding
policies. This includes fully funding all current and previous contracts in the sector.
5. Strengthen individualized funding. Individualized funding is a model that has a
great deal of promise for truly individualized, person-centred planning and support.
Yet relatively few families and individuals take the opportunity to access
individualized funding in our province. Individualized funding should be available to
all those individuals and families who wish to use it and access must not be limited
based on perceived capacity, or by overly bureaucratic systems that create undue
barriers.
 Cross ministry collaboration must also be routinely applied and funding must
be based on meeting individual needs/demand-based, and not on pre-defined
or arbitrary limits, and should not hinder or prejudice the availability of
services traditionally provided by community based organizations.
 Where needed, support should be provided to individuals and families
receiving individualized funding to manage financial and human resources. 6. End the use of restraint and seclusion in schools. Educational innovation is also key
to a good life for people with developmental disabilities. Children are being hurt in
British Columbia schools due to the ongoing use of aversive practices, including
restraint and seclusion. The Ministry of Education must develop and implement:
 a requirement that all forms of restraint and seclusion are documented and
reported to the Ministry, and
 a Ministerial Order stating that the use of restraint and seclusion in all BC
schools is prohibited.
8
2.
Personal supports and aids and devices
Despite the development in person centred and individualized planning in British Columbia
in past years, many families and people with developmental disabilities continue to struggle
to negotiate government bureaucracies, or do not receive adequate supports and services.
Waitlists continue to be a fact of life for too many individuals and families, including those
who receive partial supports or services. Planning has helped to shape and develop dreams
for the future, but practical funding is necessary to ensure that those dreams can become a
reality.
Transitioning from youth to adulthood continues to be a time fraught with barriers and
bureaucracies for many young people and their families. Despite the development of the
Cross Ministry Transition Planning protocol, families and young people continue to face
roadblocks, do not receive adequate funding, and are not fully supported as they enter
adulthood. Transition navigation and planning continues to be a major concern for families
of younger children as they look forward to the future.
Waitlists and underfunding are a common, unfortunate and costly experience for families
throughout their lives. Indeed, for families of young children, many not only face concerns
for transitions in the future, but also for the present: waitlists for early intervention and
other earlier childhood services or supports continue to place barriers before one of the
most effective and important supports for a future of inclusion in the community.
While there are many important success stories for people with developmental disabilities
in British Columbia, and these must and should be celebrated, these success stories must
also propel the province to ensure that every individual has the support to achieve such
success throughout their lifetime.
The UNCRPD notes that signatories have the responsibility to ensure:

“Persons with disabilities have access to a range of in-home, residential and other
community support services, including personal assistance necessary to support living
and inclusion in the community, and to prevent isolation or segregation from the
community,” and

“An inclusive education system at all levels and lifelong learning directed to…the
development by persons with disabilities of their personal talents and creativity as
well as their mental and physical abilities, to their fullest potential.”
9
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Full funding is a necessity. Community Living BC must be fully and adequately
funded to meet the needs of people with developmental disabilities in British
Columbia. Funding is a barrier for far too many individuals and families to achieving
the full potential of inclusion, and this cannot be the practice in the most
progressive jurisdiction in Canada.
2. Ministries must work together to support transition. Cross-ministry transition
planning practices must be further coordinated and strengthened to ensure that
every young person is fully and appropriately supported in this process. We support
the expansion of the mandate of the Representative for Children and Youth to
include transitioning youth with developmental disabilities until age 24, and it must
receive ongoing allocation of resources to ensure this mandate is truly supported.
3. No more waitlists. Ending waitlists and request for service lists must be at the top of
the province’s agenda for people with developmental disabilities, to ensure that all
people have access to full inclusion and citizenship.
4. Early intervention must be a priority. In particular, early intervention and early
childhood services must not be waitlisted and must be fully funded so that each child
eligible for these services can receive the life-long benefits of early intervention for
educational success and an inclusive life in the community.
5. End the use of IQ for service eligibility. IQ is an arbitrary measure of support needs
for people with developmental disabilities. The IQ 70 requirement to receive services
funded by CLBC should be replaced in favor of an individual needs-based model.
6. Fully support inclusive education. Inclusive education for children and youth with
special needs is a personal service to every student in British Columbia. All students
should receive the help and support they individually need to achieve meaningful
educational outcomes in inclusive settings in our schools; a cornerstone to inclusion
throughout one’s life.
3. Work and contribution
People with disabilities face serious systemic and attitudinal barriers to accessing
employment opportunities and earning an independent income. People with developmental
disabilities want to work, yet they are significantly under-represented in today's workforce.
The province has dedicated significant resources to the Community Employment Action Plan
and other employment initiatives, important steps toward supporting real work for real pay
and truly inclusive workplaces for people with developmental disabilities.
10
Employment is a route out of poverty and a mechanism of inclusion and contribution for all
people, including people with developmental disabilities. The province’s support and
leadership in essential employment initiatives is critical in changing attitudes and opening
employers’ doors. Adequate investment must be made at all levels to ensure employment
initiatives like the CAEP are successful in creating real, sustainable employment for people
with developmental disabilities.
Many adults with developmental disabilities, facing barriers to employment, require income
support to meet basic living costs. BC’s current income assistance rates for people with
disabilities fall well below the poverty line, resulting in many people with developmental
disabilities in BC living in poverty. This is unacceptable.
Furthermore, programs that keep people with developmental disabilities poor is a false
economy. Living in poverty increases the risk of physical health problems due to inadequate
nutrition, housing and access to health care. The social effects of poverty, including
isolation, loneliness, and alienation from community life, contribute to both physical and
mental health problems. The savings created by limiting access to disability supports create
greater costs in other parts of the social service system and exacts unacceptable human
and social costs
Employment is central in the UNCRPD; it forms Article 27, which notes that people with
disabilities have the right:

“to work, on an equal basis with others; this includes the right to the opportunity to
gain a living by work freely chosen or accepted in a labour market and work
environment that is open, inclusive, and accessible to persons with disabilities…”,
and

“to just and favourable condition
of work, including equal
opportunities, equal remuneration
for work of equal value, safe and
healthy working conditions,
including protection from
harassment, and the redress of
grievances,” and

“to exercise their labour and trade
union rights on an equal basis with
others,” and
11

“to promote opportunities for self employment, entrepreneurship, the development
of cooperatives and starting one’s own business,” and

“to promote the employment of persons with disabilities in the private sector,
through appropriate policies and measures, which may include affirmative action
programmes, incentives and other measures.”
Furthermore, the UNCRPD also highlights eradicating poverty for people with disabilities,
including:

“the right of persons with disabilities to an adequate standard of living for
themselves and their families, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to
the continuous improvement of living conditions,” and

“the right of persons with disabilities to social protection and the enjoyment of that
right,” and state signatories must

“ensure access by persons with disabilities, in particular women with disabilities and
older persons with disabilities, to social protection programmes and poverty
reduction programmes,” and

“ensure access by persons with disabilities and their families living in situations of
poverty to assistance from the State with disability-related expenses, including
adequate training, counseling, financial assistance and respite care.”
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Employment support for all. Every young person with a developmental disability
must be engaged, early on, in meaningful and person-centred employment planning
and preparation. Employment initiatives must be appropriately and adequately
supported to ensure they are sustainable and successful.
2. Real work for real pay. People should have access to real employment working for
community employers, doing real jobs with the individualized support needed to be
successful over the long term. People with a developmental disability who are
employees should receive the standard wage and benefits associated with their
position, and never less than minimum wage. Government benefits other than
income (e.g. medical, dental, transportation) associated with disability income
supports should continue fully through periods of employment when equivalent
benefits are not provided by the employer.
3. Support employment at all levels. Educational, financial and personal supports must
be available to enable people with developmental disabilities to participate and
advance in the workforce.
12
4. End poverty for people with disabilities in BC. We fully endorse the
recommendations of the Disability Without Poverty Network white paper submission,
of which we are a signatory, including:

Income support for people with disabilities in British Columbia should be
increased to at least $1200 monthly;

Income support for people with disabilities should be indexed to the cost of
living;

Child support funds should not be clawed back from monthly PWD benefits.
4. Housing and accessibility
Home is much more than "where we live". Home is a place where we like to be, a place
where we feel comfortable, safe and in control. It is a place where we can create our own
personal environment and enjoy family and friends. Our homes root us in community and
add to our identity and are the foundation of our work, recreational and social connections.
People with developmental disabilities have the same right to a home as everyone else.
This includes the right to choose where and with whom to live, the right to own or rent a
home and the right to create a personal home environment, where choices, possessions and
privacy are respected.
The right to housing and choice is embedded throughout the UNCRPD. Article 17, “Living
independently and being included in the community,” notes:

“States Parties to the present Convention recognize the equal right of all persons
with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others, and shall
take effective and appropriate measures to facilitate full enjoyment by persons with
disabilities of this right and their full inclusion and participation in the community,
including by ensuring that…Persons with disabilities have the opportunity to choose
their place of residence and where and with whom they live on an equal basis with
others and are not obliged to live in a particular living arrangement..” and further
notes that

states must “ensure access by persons with disabilities to public housing
programmes.”
13
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Choice, not institutions. Individuals with disabilities must be supported to decide
where and with whom to live. The opportunity to choose where and with whom to
live should not be forfeited due to personal care requirements or arbitrary
assessments of capacity. As noted above, this applies equally to the Ministry of
Health and health authorities. People with developmental disabilities, or disabilities
of any kind, must not be living in institutions like George Pearson Centre. The
province has a responsibility to ensure that no new institutions are constructed on
that site or elsewhere in the province, and that no new admissions are permitted. In
addition, the province must create a plan to close all similar institutions.
2. Affordable housing is a necessity. Affordable housing and a wide range of quality
community living options with individualized supports must be developed.
3. Rent subsidies help to end poverty. Access to rent subsidies and rental assistance
similar to the SAFER program for people with disabilities in British Columbia
promotes housing security and helps to fight poverty.
4. Community investment is needed. Government funding and partnerships with
community agencies for housing should be used to build assets that continue to be
available to the community and cannot be sold for private gain.
5. Accessibility is for everyone. Broadening the term accessibility to include cognitive
accessibility thus encouraging developments in how print and web based materials
are created.
5. Social networks
Community involvement and the presence of support networks play a key role in the
promotion of health, well-being, and community inclusion. They involve families, friends,
colleagues, co-workers, and community supports.
Families are more often than not the mainstay of caring relationships for their family
members, and may require support or respite, not to replace, but to enhance and
supplement what they provide to their family member with a disability.
Many individuals with developmental disabilities have a disproportionate number of paid
staff in their life. This is of particular concern for many people with developmental
disabilities who are aging, particularly those for whom their natural support network
development was disrupted through years of segregation or institutionalization.
14
The importance of social and personal networks flows from the UNCRPD’s focus on inclusion
in all aspects of society, including political, social, and cultural life. It emphasizes:

“The importance for persons with disabilities of their individual autonomy and
independence, including the freedom to make their own choices,” and

“Persons with disabilities should have the opportunity to be actively involved in
decision-making processes about policies and programmes, including those directly
concerning them,” something directly supported by the development of personal
support networks.
Further, the Convention urges a full community life, requiring state signatories to
encourage and facilitate social participation, including:

“To ensure that persons with disabilities can effectively and fully participate in
political and public life on an equal basis with others…including the right and
opportunity for persons with disabilities to vote and be elected,” and

Encouraging “Participation in non-governmental organizations and associations
concerned with the public and political life of the country, and in the activities
and administration of political parties;” and

“Forming and joining organizations of persons with disabilities to represent
persons with disabilities at international, national, regional and local levels.”
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Full funding for respite. Supporting families to strengthen their own capacity, and at
the same time, to broaden their loved one’s network by ensuring full and adequate
funding for respite. The province’s $2800 annual commitment to basic respite is
insufficient to meet the needs of many families and often must be apportioned to
other services.
2. Support network development. Supporting agencies to examine barriers to
friendship and social networks, plan for the development of natural social networks;
and to invest in the training of their workforce as it relates to the development and
sustainability of support networks across the lifespan.
3. Support inclusive recreation. There is a lack of inclusive recreational opportunities
for people with developmental disabilities in our province. Government must foster
the creation of truly inclusive, rather than segregated, recreational opportunities as a
key means of network development and social participation.
15
6. Asset accumulation through the registered disability
savings plan (RDSP)
In 2008, Canada began to offer a government-assisted savings plan specifically to provide
for the financial security of people with disabilities (RDSP). It was the first country in the
world to introduce such financial planning. According to recent Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation reports only 11% of the half million Canadians who are eligible for an RDSP
have taken advantage of the plan. Many families have also reported bureaucratic issues
when establishing a fund for a family member.
The creation of the RDSP is in line with the UNCRPD’s mandate that people with disabilities
have the right to “adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, including
adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living
conditions,” and requiring state signatories to “take appropriate steps to safeguard and
promote the realization of this right without discrimination on the basis of disability.”
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. RDSP familiarity is key. Financial institutions ensure their staff is familiar with the
application process, individuals with disabilities and families.
2. Application must be easy. Financial institutions, in concert with families and the
federal government, streamline the application process.
3. Educate families about benefits. Families and individuals are educated about
RDSP and its potential benefits.
4. Plain language and translation is a priority. Plain language materials are created,
with versions translated into multiple languages reflecting BC’s diverse population.
Conclusion
We believe that British Columbia has the potential to live up to, and to exceed, the
mandate of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The fact that this
consultation is occurring, with a vision of making BC the most progressive jurisdiction in
Canada for persons with disabilities, indicates that the province recognizes our
responsibility to do exactly that. We are all part of making this happen in our communities.
It is time for significant and meaningful action that leads to substantive and long-lasting
changes in the lives of people with developmental disabilities, their families, and our
communities. In the next five years, we can build a British Columbia that fully recognizes
and implements the human rights of all who live here, a British Columbia that lives up to
the promise of the UN Convention, and the promise of this consultation. We look forward to
working together to make that not simply a vision, but a concrete reality.
16
References
This paper makes use of the insights, writings and experiences of current literature on
inclusion and people with developmental disabilities in Canada and internationally. Sources
consulted in the drafting of this paper include the following:
Calgary Region Community Board Persons with Developmental Disabilities. (2012). Supports
and services for older adults with developmental disabilities study.
Canadian Association for Community Living. (2012). A national report card 2012.
Canadian Association for Community Living. (2013). A national report card 2013.
Inclusion BC (2013). Annual report 2012-13.
Lord, J. and Hutchison, P. (2007). Pathways to inclusion. Concord, ON: Captus Press.
Prince, M. (2009). Absent citizens. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Schalock, R. and Verdugo, M. (2012). A leadership guide for today’s disabilities
organizations – overcoming challenges and making change happen. Baltimore, MD: Paul H.
Brookes Publishing Co.
Schalock, R. (2011). Six critical factors organizations need to think about when providing
services and supports to older individuals with developmental disabilities.
United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities.
Westley, F & Antadze, N. (2009). Making a difference: Strategies for Scaling Social
Innovation for Greater Impact. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation
Journal, Vol. 15(2).
17
227 6th Street New Westminster, BC V3L 3A5 | 604-777-9100 | www.inclusionbc.org