Chapter 1 – Chemistry: The Science of Matter
I. Composition, Structure, and Behavior
A. Chemistry (noun) - the science that investigates and explains the
structure and properties of matter.
B. Matter (noun) 1. Mass (noun) 2. Volume (noun) -
C. Properties of matter describe the
D. Examining Matter
1. Macroscopic (adjective) -
2. Submicroscopic (adjective) -
II. Classifying Matter
A. Classification by composition – What is it made of? How much of
different elements are present?
1. Qualitative (adjective) -
2. Quantitative (adjective) -
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B. Mixture (noun) – combination of two or more types of matter; basic
identity is not changed
1. Mixtures can be separated by physical changes, which takes
advantage of physical properties.
a. physical changes (noun) – a change in matter that does
not involve a change in the identity of individual
substances.
Examples:
b. physical properties (noun) – characteristics of matter
shown without changing the identity.
Examples:
2. Types of mixtures
a. heterogeneous (adjective) –
b. homogeneous (adjective) -
i. Type of homogeneous mixture is a solution.
SoluteSolventExample- sugar water
C. Pure Substances – Every piece is the same substance, having a fixed
composition and properties.
1. Different from mixtures in two ways
a. Every sample has the exact same chemical and physical
properties
b. Every sample is made of the exact same substance(s)
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2. Types of Pure Substances
a. Elements (noun) – made of only one kind of atom, only
one type of substance, cannot be broken down into
simpler substances.
Examples:
b. Compounds (noun) - a combination of two or more
different elements joined together by a chemical bond
in a fixed ratio
Examples:
III. Identifying Matter by its Properties
A. States of matter (noun) B. Density (noun) –
IV. Chemical Properties and Changes
A. Chemical properties (noun) –
Examples:
B. Chemical changes (noun) – also known as a chemical reaction,
1. Chemical change involves energy change.
a. Exothermic (adjective) –
b. Endothermic (adjective) –
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Academic Words
Identify – group 11
Composition
Involve
Structure
Behavior
Investigate
Explain
Characteristic – group 10
Illustrate – group 10
Demonstrate – group 10
Analyze – group 4
Procedure – 14
Observe – 4
Domain Specific Words
Chemistry
Matter
Mass
Volume
Macroscopic
Submicroscopic
Qualitative
Quantitative
Mixture
Physical change
Physical property
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Solution
Element
Compound
Density
Chemical change
Chemical property
Exothermic
Endothermic
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