Science Study Guide – Chapter 5
Shaping the Earth
A delta is made up of sand.
The continental slope is where the underwater canyons form.
Earth’s crust is made up of rock.
The mantle lies between the crust and the core of the earth.
The ocean waves my affect a beach over thousands of years by: changing
the shape of the land around it, and it could wear away the sand,
making the beach areas smaller.
A plateau is a tall landform with a top that is flat.
Seismic waves are vibrations caused by earthquakes.
The Earth’s mantle and crust is the best way to describe what the Earth’s
plates are made up of.
Study the diagram below:
Cause
Effect
Sudden lifting
of ocean crust
Tsunami
Some earthquakes are very strong while others are barely noticeable – this
happens because: when plates push against each other the energy
builds up in the rock, then the rock breaks, releasing energy and
shifting the crust. When there is a very large amount of energy
stored up and then released it causes the strong earthquake.
The smaller amount of energy stored causes only the “smaller”
earthquakes.
Chemical reactions do NOT contribute to physical weathering.
Large rocks left behind by glaciers are knows as glacial debris.
Deposition contributes to the formation of sand dunes.
Study the diagram below:
Glacier gets thicker
Glacier begins to slide
Glacier tears at the ground
How might crashing waves on a beach affect the ocean floor over thousands
of years? The waves crashing on the beach will carry sand and small
rocks away with it. The sand and small rocks then might be dropped
at the bottom of the ocean floor, eventually changing the shape of
the ocean floor.
A hurricane is most likely to form over a warm ocean.
An avalanche is a sudden movement of snow and ice down a mountain
side.
A landslide is something that occurs rapidly, without much warning.
Scientists believe the temperature of Earth is increasing. How might this
affect the weather over time? If Earth’s temperature increases, then
there might be more hurricanes. Scientists think that hurricanes are
becoming more common because of the higher temperatures. Rising
temperatures also cause glaciers to melt, which could cause
flooding.