Anaebana –bacteria—prokaryote
Arrow is 10 micrometers wide at the
base (on the edge of the circular field
of view). Cells are definitely smaller
than 10 µm. This means that they are
too small to contain a nucleus.
Most bacteria are 1—5 µm in
diameter.
They have a cell wall (edges are much
darker than their cytoplasm) &
granules inside are organelles too
small to see.
Nostoc—bacteria—prokaryote
Cell diameter much less than 10 µm,
so too small for a nucleus. Have a cell
wall, lighter cytoplasm, and only grain
like organelles too small to see with
light microscopes.
Amoebas—eukaryotes—have nuclei,
no cell wall, cytoplasm & cell
membrane visible, as well as vacuoles
and other organelles that are too
small to see, but look like grains in
the cytoplasm.
Euglena
Note that the nucleus is about the
diameter of the arrow (about 10
micrometers). The darker spots
inside are the nucleoli. The dark
perimeter of the nucleus is the
nuclear membrane.
Protista—euglena—one celled
(unicellular) eukaryotes
Note the nucleus is dark purple in a
lighter purple cytoplasm. Note the
large vacuoles. Note the edges aren’t
very easy to see, so they have no cell
wall surrounding their cell membrane
Cheek cells
Animal cells
Isolated from a multicellular
organism, these eukaryotic animal
cells have faint edges (no cell wall
outside the cell membrane), light
purple cytoplasm. A dark purple
nucleus with a darker spot called the
nucleolus (where the ribosomes are
made). The grains are organelles too
small to see.
Amphiuma liver
Animal cells
Cell membranes not surrounded by
cell walls (though edges stain darkly
due to their being connected to each
other by molecules that stain). Their
irregular shapes show lack of a
membrane. Their large nuclei contain
many nucleoli, needed in these cells
that make lots of protein and so need
lots of ribosomes. The granules in the
light pink cytoplasm are organelles
too small to see with a light
microscope.
Privet leaf
Plants are multicellular organism with
specialized cells. Nuclei are about the
diameter of the arrow & are visible in
some cells, but not others (not
stained). Chloroplasts in the top leaf
look like dark blue or purple dots
around cell perimeters, just beneath
cell membranes. Cell edges are
heavily stained & thick, showing a cell
wall. Seemingly empty space
between chloroplasts is a large
unstained vacuole. Nuclei are 8 µm
diameter; chloroplasts are smaller.
Lower slide--Also privet leaf
with a different stain, these cells
show cell walls (thick edges on cells
outside cell membranes), pink nuclei
with nucleoli & smaller lighter pinkish
purple chloroplasts. Note the nuclei
are about the diameter of the arrow,
but the chloroplasts are smaller.
Or
Corn leaf
Plant cells
Note the heavily stained cell
membranes visible on some cells (all
have them, but not so obviously), the
small chloroplasts around the edges
of some cells—blue green spheres—
and the nonstained water filled
vacuole that fills the space between
them plus other cytoplasm. A couple
of pink nuclei are visible, along with
their nucleoli, but these are pressed
into the side of the cell by the large
vacuole, so its difficult to see that
they are larger than the chloroplasts.