3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
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Questions:
1. What is an organic compound?
2. What three elements are present in carbohydrates?
3. What is the chemical formula for glucose?
4. What is the reaction that combines two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide,
and what is the bond called?
5. What is the reaction the breaks the bond in a disaccharide forming two
monosaccharides?
6. A triglyceride combines which two types of compounds, and what is the bond
called?
7. What is the structural difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid?
8. In which ways are lipids useful?
9. Draw an amino acid molecule.
10. Explain where there are so many different types of proteins possible.
11. What is the bond that forms between two amino acids called?
Answers:
1. An organic compound is any compound containing carbon except for carbonates
and CO2.
2. The three elements present in carbohydrates are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
3. The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6.
4. The reaction that combines two monosaccharides is a condensation reaction and
the bond is called a glycosidic linkage.
5. The reaction that separates a disaccharide into two monosaccharides is a
hydrolysis reaction.
6. A triglyceride combines glycerol and fatty acids.
7. A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids but a phospholipid has 2 fatty acids and a
phosphate molecule.
8. Lipids serve as energy stores, subcutaneous fat, and protective lining around
nerve cells. As energy stores, lipids produce twice as much energy as
carbohydrates. Lipids and fats are also stored as subcutaneous fat in some animals
increasing their buoyancy and acting as an insulator. Lipids also form a myelin
sheath around nerve cells, isolating them, and improving their conductivity.
9.
10. There are 20 types of amino acids that can be arranged in any order and any
length therefore there are infinite possibilities of proteins.
11. The bond between two amino acids is called a peptide linkage.