IB Biology Year 1 Summer Preview 2014-2015
E-Mail: lisa.hollis@bsd.k12.de.us
Teacher Website: http://teacherweb.com/DE/MtPleasantHS/Hollis/apt2.aspx
Important Topics to Know and Read/Notes
1. Chemistry of Life2. Cell Structure and Function3. Genetics4. Reproduction and Nervous System -
Websites to help:
http://bio2.shtechclub.org/cd/bc_campbell_biology_7/0,7052,3117209-,00.html
http://ib.bioninja.com.au/
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive
Complete this packet and Pretest and Activity Quizzes:
Chapters 1- Exploring Life
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Concept 1.1
Concept 1.2
Concept 1.3
Concept 1.4
Concept 1.5
Concept 1.6
Biologists explore life from the microscopic to the global scale
Biological systems are much more than the sum of their parts
Biologists explore life across its great diversity of species
Evolution accounts for life's unity and diversity
Biologists use various forms of inquiry to explore life
A set of themes connects the concepts of biology
Chapter 2- The chemical context of Life
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Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in
combinations called compounds
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Concept 2.2 An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms
Concept 2.3 The formation and function of molecules depends on chemical
bonding between atoms
Concept 2.4 Chemical reactions make and break chemical bonds
Chapter 3- Water and the Fitness of the Environment
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Concept 3.1 The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding
Concept 3.2 Four emergent properties of water contribute to Earth's fitness for
life
Concept 3.3 Dissociation of water molecules leads to acidic and basic conditions
that affect living organisms
Chapter 4- Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
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Concept 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds
Concept 4.2 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other
atoms
Concept 4.3 Functional groups are the parts of molecules involved in chemical
reactions
Chapter 5- The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
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Concept 5.1 Most macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
Concept 5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material
Concept 5.3 Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
Concept 5.4 Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions
Concept 5.5 Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary information
Chapter 6- A Tour of the Cell
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Concept 6.1 To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of
biochemistry
Concept 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize
their functions
Concept 6.3 The eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus
and carried out by the ribosomes
Concept 6.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs
metabolic functions in the cell
Concept 6.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to
another
Concept 6.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and
activities in the cell
Concept 6.7 Extracellular components and connections between cells help
integrate cells into higher levels of structure and function
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Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea
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Concept 14.1 Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of
inheritance
Concept 14.2 The laws of probability govern Mendelian inheritance
Concept 14.3 Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by
simple Mendelian genetics
Concept 14.4 Many human traits follow Mendelian patterns of inheritance
Chapter 46- Animal Reproduction
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Concept 46.1 Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom
Concept 46.2 Fertilization depends on mechanisms that help sperm meet eggs of
the same species
Concept 46.3 Reproductive organs produce and transport gametes: focus on
humans
Concept 46.4 In humans and other mammals, a complex interplay of hormones
regulates gametogenesis
Concept 46.5 In humans and other placental mammals, an embryo grows into a
newborn in the mother's uterus
Chapter 48- Nervous Systems
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Concept 48.1 Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells
Concept 48.2 The membrane potential is the basis of information processing by
the nervous system
Concept 48.3 Action potentials carry long-distance information in the nervous
system
Concept 48.4 Neurons communicate with other cells at synapses
Concept 48.5 The vertebrate nervous system is regionally specialized
Concept 48.6 The cerebral cortex controls voluntary movement and cognitive
functions
Concept 48.7 Much research effort is directed at treating CNS injuries and
diseases
There will be a quiz on them after the first full week of school. To find the website for the
quizzes, type in “205.173.44.50 Campbell Biology” in Google or type in website below.
http://bio2.shtechclub.org/cd/bc_campbell_biology_7/
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THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
1.
Important Biomolecules
Vocabulary
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2.
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Proteins
o Amino acids
o Enzyme
Lipids
o Glycerol
o Fatty acids
Nucleic acids
o Nucleotides
Polar molecule
Nonpolar molecule
The four most common elements (atoms) found in living things are:
1.
3.
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Dehydration synthesis
(condensation reaction)
Covalent bonds
Polymer vs. Monomer
Carbohydrates
o Monosaccharides:
Glucose
o Disaccharides
Sucrose, Maltose
o Polysaccharides:
starch / glycogen /cellulose
2.
3.
4.
Carbohydrates:
1.
Are made up of monomers called ___________________.
2.
_________-saccharides are two sugars linked together.
3.
__________-saccharides are many sugars linked together, such as
___________________, ________________ and ___________________.
4.
Provide cells with quick _____________________.
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4.
Lipids
1.
Are made of 3 _________________ _____________ bonded to ____________.
2.
Function in the cell to build cell _______________s and are also good for
storing
__________________ (calories).
5.
3.
Proteins
1.
Perform many functions in cells. For example, an important function of
__________________ is to increase the rate of chemical reactions, by lowering
the activation energy required for the reaction to take place.
2.
E________________ are proteins.
This figure represents an _____________ ___________.
Label the functional groups that are circled.
Amine ---- Acid
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6. Nucleic Acids
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1.
DNA
Nucleotide
Complementary base pairs
The two important functions of DNA in the cell are:
a.
It stores information that tells cells what _______________ to make.
b.
It contains the ______________ information that is passed from parent to
offspring.
2.
Label a simple DNA nucleotide showing the nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, and
phosphate group.
3.
Examine the portion of the DNA molecule that contains 12 nucleotides.
Describe the shape of the molecule and the rules for complementary base pairing.
4.
A DNA molecule has a sequence of T A G C T C . What is the sequence of its
complementary strand?
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7.
ATP
Explain the relationship between ATP and ADP.
When is energy given off for cells to use?
8.
_________________ bonds are very strong bonds because they share a pair of
electrons between atoms.
9.
A pH less than 7 indicates something is an ______________.
A pH greater than 7 indicates something is a _____________.
Order the following from lowest pH to highest pH:
bleach, vinegar, pure water, stomach acid, blood, milk, ammonia
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Cell Structure and Function
Vocabulary
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Prokaryote / prokaryotic cell
Eukaryote / eukaryotic cell
cell membrane
ribosomes
cytoplasm
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
chloroplasts
mitochondria
cell wall
lysosomes
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solute
solvent
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
carrier proteins
exocytosis
equilibrium
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1.
Complete this table using terms from the vocabulary list:
Cell Part
2.
eukaryotic
Function in the cell
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
Control center for eukaryotic cells; contains DNA
Protein synthesis takes place on this “workbench”
Converts chemical energy in food to ATP
Membrane system that transports materials through the
cell; if ribosomes are attached, it makes proteins
Modifies and packages proteins
Contain enzymes to digest damaged cell parts
Converts light energy to chemical energy in plants
Create a Venn diagram comparing/contrasting prokaryotic cells and
cells.
o Include at least 3 important facts for each category
(eukaryote only; prokaryote only; all cells)
o Give an example of a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
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3.
Complete the table comparing/contrasting plant and animal cells.
Unique Animal Cell Structures
Common Cell Structures
Unique Plant Cell Structures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
4.
List the 3 statements that make up the cell theory.
1.
2.
3.
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5.
Place in order from simplest to most complex level of organization:
cell, atom, molecule, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, organism
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Genetics
Define each term and give an example of each:
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Dominant
Recessive
Genotype
Phenotype
Gene
Allele
Test cross
1.
Who was Gregor Mendel, and what was his contribution to the study of genetics?
2.
Make Punnett squares to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring
produced by each of the following crosses.
D = Dimples d = no dimples
DD X DD
Dd X DD
DD X dd
Dd X Dd
dd X dd
Dd X dd
Does a Punnett square tell you the actual outcome of a mating? Explain.
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3.
You mate two ferrets that are heterozygous for two traits: fur color B (brown) and b
(white); and fur length H (short) and h (long).
These parents are brown with short-hair: BbHh x BbHh
How many of the offspring would you expect to be white with long fur
(recessive for both traits - bbhh)? Assume a litter of 16 kits.
(Hint: Make a Punnett square for each trait, then multiply the probability
of offspring with white fur by the probability of offspring with long fur to
find out the probability for the two traits occurring together.)
or
4.
Black fur is dominant to brown fur in rabbits. You want to determine whether your
black rabbit is homozygous (BB) or heterozygous (Bb).
Explain why it is better to mate your rabbit with a brown rabbit than with a
heterozygous black rabbit.
(Note: this is called a test cross.)
Have a great Summer, Lisa Hollis
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